Volume 24, Issue 9

The crystal structure of trichlorphon [O,O-Dimethyl- (1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichlor-äthyl) -phosphonat] has been determined by PATTERSON and FOURIER methods. Space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 with 4 molecules in a unit cell of dimensions α = 8,96 ± 0,03 A, b= 18,60 ± 0,05 Å, c = 5,80 ± 0,02 A were determined. Atomic coordinates and anisotropic temperature factors have been refined by the least squares method. The final R-factor is R (hkl) =0,102.

Auf der Grundlage der Δ 1-n -Werte wurde die Anzahl der H 2 O-Moleküle, die von Metallionen bei der Komplexbildung mit Äthylendiamin (En), Triäthylentetraamin (Trien), Tri-(3-Aminoäthyl) -amin (Tren), Glycin (Gly), α,β-Alanin (α,β-Ala) und Acetylaceton (Acac) freigesetzt werden, bestimmt.

The mass spectra of a number of phosphorus-fluorine compounds containing five-covalent phosphorus have been obtained. The major fragment ions for each compound are tabulated together with some probable ion assignments.

Der nucleophile Abbau von S e , S 7 , S 8 und S 12 mit Diphenyl- (o-tolyl) -phosphin zu Diphenyl-(o-tolyl) -phosphinsulfid wurde in CS 2 untersucht. Die Reaktion ist annähernd 2. Ordnung. Für die Reaktivität der Schwefelspezies gilt folgende Reihenfolge: S 6 S 12 ≅ S 7 S 8 .

Die Kernresonanzlinie von weißem Phosphor wurde in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln gemessen. Die chemischen Verschiebungen sind konzentrationsabhängig und werden in der Reihenfolge der Lösungsmittel CS 2 , C 6 H 5 NCS, CCl 4 , C 6 H 6 , (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH deutlich größer. An weißem Phosphor und einer Lösung von weißem Phosphor in CS 2 wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebung untersucht.

The Raman and infrared spectra of MoO 3 , WO 2 Cl 2 and WO 3 have been measured. The application of the method of factor group analysis leads to the assignment of the observed frequencies to terminal or bridging metal-oxygen bonds. The observed frequencies depend on the length or type (terminal or bridging) of a bond and on the coordination number of the metal atom.

Durch Umsetzung von Phosphoryltrihalogeniden mit Ammoniak in Äther konnte Phosphorylchloridfluorid-amid, Phosphoryldichlorid-amid und das bereits bekannte Phosphoryldifluorid-amid gewonnen werden. Phosphorylchloridfluorid-amid reagiert mit Phosphorpentachlorid zu N-Trichlorphosphoranyliden-phosphoryl-chloridfluoridamid, O = PFClN = PCl 3 . Die neuen Verbindungen werden durch ihre Elementaranalyse, IR-Spektren und 31 P-, 19 F- und 1 H-KMR-Spektren charakterisiert.

Aquoxide sind anorganische Verbindungen, die sich experimentell oder formal aus Oxid und Wasser ableiten 1 . Der Wasserstoff kann darin in Form von OH-Gruppen, H 2 O-Molekülen, hydratisierten Protonen, direkt an das Zentralatom gebunden oder auf Zwischengitterplätzen eingelagert als feste Lösung von Protonen in einem Oxidgitter vorliegen. Es wird eine Systematik dieser Verbindungen gegeben. Eine der Methoden zur Festlegung des Bindungstyps ist die IR-Spektroskopie. An Hand von IR-Spektren kristalliner Hydroxide wird über Ergebnisse und Probleme bei der Bestimmung der Bindung des Wasserstoffs in Kristallgittern berichtet.

Since the discovery 11 of the activating effect of the N- (p-Nitro-phenyl)-group on the methine hydrogen of halogenacetamino esters, it has been found that the p-Acetyl-phenyl and m-Nitro-phenyl groups exert a similar effect. It has been shown that the delocalisation of the N-non-bonded electrons across the orbitals of the N-Aryl substituent is the governing factor in the cyclisation of the above systems, and the effect of the bulk of the N-Aryl substituent is relegated to a minor position.

Die Α-Kette des Schafinsulins wurde als geschütztes Derivat Boc-Gly-Ile-Val-Glu (OBut) -Gln-Cys (Trt) - Cys (Trt) - Ala-Gly-Val-Cys (Trt) - Ser-Leu-Tyr (But) -Gln-Leu-Glu (OBut) - Asn-Tyr (But) - Cys (Trt) -Asn-OBzl ** aus fünf Fragmenten aufgebaut, durch Bromwasserstoff in Trifluoressigsäure von den Schutzgruppen befreit und zur Reinigung in das Tetra-S-sulfonat überführt. Nach Kombination mit B-Kette aus nativem Insulin lieferte das Präparat kristallines Insulin.

1. The complete difference spectrum of the reaction of the photoactive chlorophyll-an is presented. 2. The reaction of excited chlorophyll-a II is of the type of a sensitizer. It is not engaged directly in the electron transfers. This is in contrast to the photoactive chlorophyll-a I which is an electron donor in its excited state. 3. The chlorophyll-a II -reaction can be separated from the overall reaction by heating chloroplasts 5 min at 50°C. 4. Chlorophyll-an is the reaction center of the well-known poison DCMU. 5. Properties of chlorophyll-a II are depicted in Tab. 1. They are compared with those of chlorophyll-a I and the O 2 -evolution system.

1. In the primary processes of photosynthesis a rather strong electric field (~10 5 V/cm) is set on across the thylakoid membrane. This field has been detected by absorption changes attributed to chlorophyll-b (1). 2. In this paper it is demonstrated that the optical response to the field is not restricted to chlorophyll-b. Responses of the other bulk pigments which are embedded in the thylakoid membrane, as several types of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids, are detected.

1. A method is described for the simultaneous monitoring of H 2 O, O 2 , CO 2 and their 18 O-labelled analogs in experiments on the photosynthesis both of aquatic and terrestrial plants. The apparatus consists of a Varian-MAT mass spectrometer with a modified inlet system equipped at the entrance of the ion source with a polyethylene membrane permeable for H 2 O, O 2 and CO 2 . 2. Experiments have been performed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick. using H 2 18 O and K 2 C 18 O 3 as substrates while H 2 O and O 2 and CO 2 in solution as well as their 18 O-labelled analogs were monitored during dark and light periods. 3. It has been observed that the isotopic composition of the photosynthetic oxygen corresponds to that of the surrounding water and differs grossly from that of the dissolved CO 2 and K 2 CO 3 . It is concluded that either H 2 O is the precursor of the photosynthetic oxygen or that in case CO 2 is involved a very fast and complete equilibration between the latter and H 2 O has to occur after CO 2 enters the cell.

In the males of the ant F. polyctena 38 different fluorescentic substances were isolated by paper column chromatography. Nine of them could be identifed as isoxanthopterin, pterin-6-carbonic acid, ʟ-6- (erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl) -pterin, D-or-L-6- (threo-1′,2′,3′-trihydroxypropyl) -pterin, lumacine, lumacine-6-carbonic acid, isoxantholumacine, 6-methyl-8-ribityl-isoxantholumacine and riboflavin. Some of these pteridines and also riboflavin were bound in different relations. The isolated compounds are characterised by UV spectra, Rf values, electrophoretic mobility, and some oxidative or reductive reactions. The importance and formation of some photoactive compounds are discussed.

1. Enzyme distribution between chloroplasts and the nonchloroplast parts of green leaf cells of Spinacia oleracea, Nicotiana rustica, Vicia faba, and Phaseolus vulgaris have been investigated by use of the nonaqueous chloroplast isolation technique. Whereas pyruvate kinase and peroxidase were located only or mainly outside of the chloroplasts, the other enzymes studied, isocitric dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, NAD- and NADP-dependent pyridine nucleotide quinone reductase, malic dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-dependent glyoxylate reductase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, NAD-dependent glutamic dehydrogenase, and NADP-dependent aspartic dehydrogenase were both inside and outside of the plastids. In contrast, NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is located only within the chloroplasts. 2. Intact isolated spinach chloroplasts incorporated only a very small amount of labeled carbon from 14 CO 2 into amino acids in the light. The addition of NH 4 Cl did not increase the amount of labeled amino acids and had no effect on the total amount of 14 C fixed during short time photosynthesis. However, NH 4 ⊕ caused changes in the pathway of carbon during photosynthesis. In the presence of NH 4 ⊕ , more 14 C was incorporated into sugar monophosphates and phosphoglyceric acid than in the absence of NH 4 ⊕ . 3. 14 C-labeled glycine and serine fed to intact isolated spinach chloroplasts were neither accumulated nor transformed into other compounds, but 14 C-labeled glutamic acid was converted into glutamine. This transformation took place only in the light in chloroplasts containing an intact outer envelope. The addition of NH 4 ⊕ and certain substrates and cofactors did not increase the rate of transformation. 4. The penetration of some amino acids and substrates through the outer envelope of the chloroplasts was investigated on aqueously isolated spinach plastids. It was found that a-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, aspartate, and alanine are able to penetrate the envelope although at least for some of these compounds the outer membrane of the chloroplasts acts as a partial barrier. 5. From the experiments reported here and in connection with the results published by other investigators it can be concluded that the most common amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, glycine, and serine are able to penetrate through the outer envelope of the chloroplasts and the synthesis of these amino acids can occur in the leaf cells inside as well as outside of the chloroplasts.

The soluble proteins from distinct sections of pea seedling roots, in different developmental stages, were separated by acrylamide disc-electrophoresis. Each time eight columns charged with the same protein preparation were separated simultaneously. Each column was subjected to electrophoresis seven minutes longer than the previous one. In this way the more quickly running protein bands left the columns step by step whereas the remaining ones broadened and in some cases split. In columns of the tip section only one new band was observed while those of the second section showed several new bands. The protein spectra of the differentiation stage of older root parts had the largest increase in number of bands. At present one can not decide wether the analogous bands from different root sections contain primarily different proteins or that the protein is oxidized at a different rate.