Volume 71, Issue 12

In this article, under the investigation on the interactions among multiple solitons for an eighth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an optical fibre, oscillations in the interaction zones are observed theoretically. With different coefficients of the operators in this equation, we find that (1) the oscillations in the solitonic interaction zones have different forms with different spectral parameters of this equation; (2) the oscillations in the interactions among the multiple solitons are affected by the choice of spectral parameters, the dispersive effects and nonlinearity of the eighth-order operator; (3) the second-, fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-order operators restrain oscillations in the solitonic interaction zones and the higher-order operators have stronger attenuated effects than the lower ones, while the third- and fourth-order operators stimulate and extend the scope of oscillations.

In this article, the successive application of three gauge transformation operators for the modified semidiscrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(mdKP) hierarchy has been provided. The commutativity of the Bianchi diagram of these gauge transformation operators is investigated.

To investigate if steady-state resonant solution exist for any system of weakly interacting waves in a dispersive medium, a trio is considered in the Bretherton equation based on the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Time-independent spectrum was found when all components were travelling in the same direction. Within the trio, the amplitude of longer component is larger than that of shorter one. As the difference of wave number between components in trio increases or the nonlinearity of whole system increases, the amplitudes of all components tends to increase simultaneously. These findings are helpful to enrich and deepen our understanding about resonant solutions in any dispersive medium, especially for a two-dimensional scenario.

This article introduces a new numerical approach to solve the equation that models a rectangular purely convecting fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The algorithm embeds an integral operator, defined in terms of Green’s function, into Krasnoselskii–Mann’s fixed point iteration scheme. The validity of the method is demonstrated by a number of examples that consist of a range of values of the parameters that appear in the model. In addition, the evaluation of the fin efficiency is presented. The residual error computations show that the current method provides highly accurate approximations.

The Liouville correspondence between the short-pulse integrable hierarchy and the sine-Gordon integrable hierarchy is studied. It is shown that the transformation relating the short-pulse equation with the sine-Gordon equation also establishes the correspondence between their flows and Hamiltonian conservation laws in respective hierarchy. This proposes an alternative approach to derive the Hamiltonian conservation laws of the short-pulse equation from the known ones of the classical sine-Gordon equation.

A study of nanofluids is carried out that reveals the effect of rotational inertia and other physical parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow. Temperature-dependent dynamic viscosity makes the microrotation viscosity parameter and the micro inertia density variant as well. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by introducing suitable similarity transformations. These reduced nonlinear differential equations are then solved numerically by Keller-box method. The obtained numerical and graphical result discloses many interesting behaviour of nanofluids. It is seen that the temperature gradient decreases with the increase in viscosity parameter. Also, it is observed that with the fixed values of micropolar parameter and viscosity parameter, the velocity gradient near the wall increases with increasing values of solid particle volume fraction parameter. A suitable comparison of results is also presented in this study.

An attempt has been taken to find a general equation for degenerate pressure of Chandrasekhar and constants, by using which one can study nonrelativistic as well as ultra-relativistic cases instead of two different equations and constants. Using the general equation, ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves have been studied and compared, numerically and graphically, the two cases in same situation of electron-positron-ion plasmas. Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and KdV–Barger equations have been derived as well as their solution to study the soliton and shock profiles, respectively.

In this article, we investigate the lump solutions for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in (3+1) dimensions that describe the dynamics of plasmas or fluids. Via the symbolic computation, lump solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation are derived based on the bilinear forms. The conditions to guarantee analyticity and rational localisation of the lump solutions are presented. The lump solutions contain eight parameters, two of which are totally free, and the other six of which need to satisfy the presented conditions. Plots with particular choices of the involved parameters are made to show the lump solutions and their energy distributions.

We propose a method to reach the antiferromagnetic state of two-dimensional Fermi gases trapped in optical lattices: Independent subsystems are prepared in suitable initial states and then connected by a sudden or slow quench of the tunneling between the subsystems. Examples of suitable low-entropy subsystems are double wells or plaquettes, which can be experimentally realised in Mott insulating shells using optical super-lattices. We estimate the effective temperature T * of the system after the quench by calculating the distribution of excitations created using the spin wave approximation in a Heisenberg model. We investigate the effect of an initial staggered magnetic field and find that for an optimal polarisation of the initial state the effective temperature can be significantly reduced from T *≈1.7 T c at zero polarisation to T *<0.65 T c , where T c is the crossover temperature to the antiferromagnetic state. The temperature can be further reduced using a finite quench time. We also show that T * decreases logarithmically with the linear size of the subsystem.

We investigate a discrete negative order potential Korteweg–de Vries (npKdV) equation via the generalised Cauchy matrix approach. Solutions more than multisoliton solutions of this equation are derived by solving the determining equation set. We also show the semidiscrete equation and continuous equation together with their exact solutions by considering the continuum limits.

In the present paper, based on the Riemann theta function, the Hirota bilinear method is extended to directly construct a kind of quasi-periodic wave solution of a new integrable differential-difference equation. The asymptotic property of the quasi-periodic wave solution is analyzed in detail. It will be shown that quasi-periodic wave solution converge to the soliton solutions under certain conditions and small amplitude limit.

We present a simple nonlinear dynamics Langevin model for predicting the instationary wind speed profile during storm events typically accompanying extreme low-pressure situations. It is based on a second-degree Bernoulli equation with δ -correlated Gaussian noise and may complement stationary stochastic wind models. Transition between increasing and decreasing wind speed and (quasi) stationary normal wind and storm states are induced by the sign change of the controlling time-dependent rate parameter k ( t ). This approach corresponds to the simplified nonlinear laser dynamics for the incoherent to coherent transition of light emission that can be understood by a phase transition analogy within equilibrium thermodynamics [H. Haken, Synergetics, 3rd ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983/2004.]. Evidence for the nonlinear dynamics two-state approach is generated by fitting of two historical wind speed profiles (low-pressure situations “Xaver” and “Christian”, 2013) taken from Meteorological Terminal Air Report weather data, with a logistic approximation (i.e. constant rate coefficients k ) to the solution of our dynamical model using a sum of sigmoid functions. The analytical solution of our dynamical two-state Bernoulli equation as obtained with a sinusoidal rate ansatz k ( t ) of period T (=storm duration) exhibits reasonable agreement with the logistic fit to the empirical data. Noise parameter estimates of speed fluctuations are derived from empirical fit residuals and by means of a stationary solution of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Numerical simulations with the Bernoulli-Langevin equation demonstrate the potential for stochastic wind speed profile modeling and predictive filtering under extreme storm events that is suggested for applications in anticipative air traffic management.