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Comparison of titanium and FGM dental implants with different coating types

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Published/Copyright: July 3, 2018
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 60 Issue 2

Abstract

Despite their proven record in promoting osseointegration, titanium and titanium alloys present certain other challenges to providing an optimal dental implant. Titanium and suitable titanium alloys have a higher stiffness than human bone, and therefore dental implants formed from such materials absorb most of the forces of mastication. This can lead to a phenomenon known as a stress shielding of the surrounding bone. A variety of bioceramics have been developed and used in different implants due to their excellent biological performance. However, only a few of them have been used in clinical applications, especially in low load bearing implants, due to their poor mechanical strength. Little existing research has been reported for the design of dental implants made of FGM materials. However, many researchers have studied the effect of improving the dental implant surface by coating its surface with different materials including functionally graded materials (FGM). On the other hand, the effect of coating the FGM dental implant with a homogenous material has not been studied yet. The main goal of this work is to compare the biomechanical behavior of three types of dental implant models. Three dimensional models are created. The first model is a homogenous dental implant with a homogenous coating material. The second model represents a homogenous dental implant with a FGM coating and. the third model is a functionally graded implant with a homogenous coating material. The FGM implant with homogenous coating appears as the most suitable model. It reduces the bone stress on cancellous bone by 4.6 % and by 6.5 % on cortical bone compared to homogenous implant with homogenous coating. This leads to reduction of bone stress shielding as well as reduction of the aseptic loosening of bone/implant/coating interfaces which increase the life time of the implant.

Kurzfassung

Trotz ihres geprüften Nachweises zur Förderung der Osseointegration, zeigen Titan und seine Legierungen auch andere bestimmte Eigenschaften als optimale Dentalimplantate. Titan und seine geeignete Legierungen haben eine höhere Steifigkeit als menschliche Knochen. Aus diesem Grund absorbieren Dentalimplantate aus solchen Materialien die meisten Kaukräfte. Dies kann zu einem Phänomen führen, das als Spannungsschutz bezüglich des umgebenden Knochens bezeichnet wird. Variierende Biokeramiken wurden produziert und in verschiedenen Implantaten verwendet, und zwar aufgrund ihres exzellenten biologischen Verhaltens. Aufgrund ihrer geringen mechanischen Festigkeit, wurden dennoch nur wenige dieser Materialien in klinischen Anwendungen, besonders in Implantaten, die geringen Kräften ausgesetzt sind, eingesetzt. Nur wenig wurde bisher über Forschung zum Design von Dentalimplantaten aus funktionsgradierten Werkstoffen berichtet. Dennoch haben viele Wissenschaftler die Auswirkung hinsichtlich einer Verbesserung der Dentalimplantatoberfläche durch Beschichtung der Oberfläche mit verschiedenen Materialien untersucht, einschließlich funktionsgradierten Werkstoffen (Functionally Graded Materials (FGM)). Andererseits wurde die Auswirkung der Beschichtung von FGM-Dentalimplantaten mit einem homogenen Beschichtungsmaterial bisher noch nicht untersucht. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die verschiedenen biomechanischen Verhalten dreier Arten von Implantatmodellen zu vergleichen. Hierzu wurden dreidimensionale Modelle generiert. Das erste Modell ist ein homogenes Dentalimplantat mit einem homogenen Beschichtungsmaterial. Das zweite Model ist ein homogenes Dentalimplantat mit einer FGM-Beschichtung. Im dritten Modell ist ein funktionsgradiertes Dentalimplantat mit einem homogenen Beschichtungsmaterial berücksichtigt. Das FGM-Implantat mit der homogenen Beschichtung stellte sich als das bestgeeignetste Modell heraus. Dadurch reduziert sich die Knochenspannung in der Spongiosa um 4,6 % und im kortikalen Knochen um 6,5 % im Vergleich zum homogenen Implantat mit einer homogenen Beschichtung. Dies führt zu einer Abnahme des Knochenspannungsschutzes sowie zu einer Reduzierung des aseptischen Lockerns der Knochen/Implantat/Beschichtungs-Grenzflächen, was die Lebensdauer des Implantates erhöht.

*Correspondence Address, Prof. Hassan S. Hedia, Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, E-mail:

Prof. Dr. Saad Mohammed. Aldousari, born in 1956, is Professor of Production Engineering. Currently, he is working in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA. He received his BSc from the Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, in 1980 and his MSc and PhD from Bradford University, UK, in 1987 and 1993. His field of interest is manufacturing technology.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noha Fouda, born in 1973, is Associate Professor at the Production and Mechanical Design Department, Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura, Egypt. She achieved her BSc in 1995, her MSc in 2000 and her PhD in 2006, in the Production and Mechanical Design Department, Mansoura University, Egypt. Her fields of interest are biomechanics, optimum design, stress analysis as well as mechanics of materials. She has been awarded the Best MSc Thesis at the Mansoura University in 2001, the Best PhD Thesis in 2007 and received the State Encouragement Award in 2015.

Prof. Dr. Hassan Sayed. Hedia, born in 1959, is Professor of Materials and Solid Mechanics. Currently, he is working in the Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA. He achieved his BSc in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt, in 1981, his MSc in Production Engineering at Mansoura University, Egypt, in 1989, and his PhD in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Leeds University, UK, and at Mansoura University, Egypt, under the channel system in 1996. His field of interest is advanced materials, fracture mechanics, stress analysis optimum design, mechanics of materials and biomechanics. He works in the editorial board of three international journals.

Asst. Prof. Dr. Faisal W. H. AlThobiani is Assistant Professor in the Marine Engineering Deptartment, Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA. He was research assistant in the Centre for Efficiency and Performance Engineering in 2009. He received a degree in Environmental Monitoring from the University of Leeds, UK, in 1998 and a Mechanical Engineering degree from Jeddah Technical College, KSA, in 1993, as well as a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Riyadh Technical College, KSA in 2002, and a Master's degree in Advanced Control and Systems Engineering from the University of Manchester, UK in 2007. He finished his PhD in 2001 at the University of Huddersfield, UK, in the field of nonintrusive detection of incipient cavitation of a centrifugal pump.

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Published Online: 2018-07-03
Published in Print: 2018-02-02

© 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. SteBLife – A new short-time procedure for the calculation of S-N curves and failure probabilities
  5. Surface treatment for effective bonding in the sports industry
  6. Effect of different rotational speeds on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded dissimilar steels
  7. Comparison of titanium and FGM dental implants with different coating types
  8. Weld quality and productivity of AISI 4140 steel welded by unpulsed and pulsed GMAW
  9. Corrosion behavior of Hastelloy® C–4® Ni–Cr–Mo–Fe alloys for coal gasification syngas plants
  10. Application of FactSage® thermodynamic modeling for predicting the ash transformation with temperatures under partial slagging entrained flow coal gasification condition
  11. Röntgen- und Neutronentomographie am knöchernen Innenohr der Bartenwale
  12. Partial repair of thermally sprayed and sealed corrosion protection – Organic coating material or thermal spraying?
  13. Experimental study on solidification of Cu(II)-contaminated soil using red mud with cement and Ca(OH)2
  14. Tribological study of sintered iron based and copper based brake materials by pin-on-disc method
  15. Influence of drilling parameters on temperature and surface roughness of AISI O2 steel
  16. Multi-fractal characteristics of particle size distribution of granular backfilling materials under different loads
  17. Dry sliding behavior of aluminum alloy 8011 with 4 % fly ash
  18. Optimization of the milling parameters for an Al/Si3N4 functionally graded composite using grey relational analysis
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111133

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. SteBLife – A new short-time procedure for the calculation of S-N curves and failure probabilities
  5. Surface treatment for effective bonding in the sports industry
  6. Effect of different rotational speeds on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded dissimilar steels
  7. Comparison of titanium and FGM dental implants with different coating types
  8. Weld quality and productivity of AISI 4140 steel welded by unpulsed and pulsed GMAW
  9. Corrosion behavior of Hastelloy® C–4® Ni–Cr–Mo–Fe alloys for coal gasification syngas plants
  10. Application of FactSage® thermodynamic modeling for predicting the ash transformation with temperatures under partial slagging entrained flow coal gasification condition
  11. Röntgen- und Neutronentomographie am knöchernen Innenohr der Bartenwale
  12. Partial repair of thermally sprayed and sealed corrosion protection – Organic coating material or thermal spraying?
  13. Experimental study on solidification of Cu(II)-contaminated soil using red mud with cement and Ca(OH)2
  14. Tribological study of sintered iron based and copper based brake materials by pin-on-disc method
  15. Influence of drilling parameters on temperature and surface roughness of AISI O2 steel
  16. Multi-fractal characteristics of particle size distribution of granular backfilling materials under different loads
  17. Dry sliding behavior of aluminum alloy 8011 with 4 % fly ash
  18. Optimization of the milling parameters for an Al/Si3N4 functionally graded composite using grey relational analysis
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