Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Effect of Cr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of carbidic austempered ductile iron

  • , , and
Published/Copyright: December 28, 2017
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 60 Issue 1

Abstract

The effect of Cr content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI) was studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rockwell hardness testing, pendulum impact testing machine and ring-on-block wear tester. The results show that with the increase of Cr content the volume fraction of graphite and nodularity rate of as-cast ductile iron decrease gradually, but carbide content increases, and the diameter of graphite reaches the maximum followed by decrease. Then, the specimens were austenitized at 900 °C for 100 min and austempered at 300 °C for 100 min. The hardness and wear resistance of CADI reach maximum when Cr content is 1.42 wt.-% and then decrease with the increase of Cr content, and the impact toughness decreases gradually. Taking the impact toughness into consideration, the comprehensive mechanical property is best when Cr content is 0.96 wt.-%.

Kurzfassung

Für den vorliegenden Beitrag wurde die Auswirkung des Cr-Gehaltes auf die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von karbidischem ausferritischen Gusseisen (Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI)) untersucht, und zwar mittels Lichtmikroskopie, Röntgendiffraktometrie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Rockwell-Härtemessung, Pendelschlagwerk und einem Ring-auf-Block-Verschleißversuch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit einer Zunahme des Cr-Gehaltes der Volumenanteil von Graphit und die Nodularitätsrate des Gusseisens im gegossenen Zustand graduell abnehmen, hingegen aber die Karbide zunehmen und der Durchmesser des Graphites ein Maximum, gefolgt von einer Abnahme, durchläuft. Danach wurden die Proben bei 900 °C für 100 min austenitisiert und bei 300 °C für 100 min getempert. Die Härte und der Verschleißwiderstand des CADI-Werkstoffes erreichte ein Maximum, wenn der Cr-Gehalt 1,42 wt.-% betrug und nahm dann mit zunehmendem Cr-Gehalt ab, wobei die Schlagzähigkeit graduell abnahm. Unter Berücksichtigung der Schlagzähigkeit stellen sich die besten umfassenden mechanischen Eigenschaften ein, wenn der Cr-Gehalt 0.96 wt.-% beträgt.

*Correspondence Address, Dr. Hanguang Fu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Number 100, Pingle Garden, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, P. R. China, E-mail:

Haiqiang Cheng, born in 1991, is a master candidate of Beijing University of Technology, China. He obtained his Bachelor's degree at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China, in 2015. His research interests mainly focus on wear-resistant alloy materials.

Dr. Hanguang Fu, born in 1964, is a researcher at the Beijing University of Technology, China. He obtained his PhD at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, in 2004. His research interests mainly focus on solidification control. By now, he has published over 180 technical papers and holds more than 120 invention patents in China.

Dr. Jian Lin, born in 1979, is Associate Professor at Beijing University of Technology, China. He obtained his PhD in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2006. His research interests mainly focus on the joining method of steel to aluminum and welding residual stress analysis. He has published over 50 technical papers.

Prof. Dr. Yongping Lei, born in 1957, is Professor at Beijing University of Technology, China. He obtained his PhD at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, in 1994. His research interests mainly focus on the development of lead-free solder paste, the reliability of solder joint and welding. By now, he has published over 120 technical papers and holds more than 100 invention patents in China.

References

1 S. K.Putatunda, S.Kesani, R.Tackett, G.Lawes: Development of austenite-free ADI (austempered ductile cast iron), Materials Science & Engineering A435 (2006), No. 11, pp. 112–12210.1016/j.msea.2006.07.051Search in Google Scholar

2 E.Hepp, M.Dzusov, W.Schäfer: Process optimization for an energy efficient heat treatment of ADI, HTM – Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials70 (2015), No. 5, pp. 239–24710.3139/105.110268Search in Google Scholar

3 S.Solic, M.Godec, Z.Schauperl, C.Donik: Improvement in abrasion wear resistance and microstructural changes with deep cryogenic treatment of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI), Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A47A (2016), No. 10, pp. 5058–507010.1007/s11661-016-3659-4Search in Google Scholar

4 A.Karaaslan, C.Akca: Characterization of the heat affected zone in gas tungsten arc welds of unalloyed austempered ductile iron, Materials Testing50 (2008), No. 50, pp. 264–26710.3139/120.100883Search in Google Scholar

5 B.Podgornik, J.Vizintin, I.Thorbjornsson, B.Johannesson, J. T.Thorgrimsson, M.Martinez Celis, N.Valle: Improvement of ductile iron wear resistance through local surface reinforcement, Wear 274 –275 (2012), No. 3, pp. 267–27310.1016/j.wear.2011.09.005Search in Google Scholar

6 K. L.Hayrynen, K. R.Brandenberg: Carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI) – The new wear material, Transactions of the American Foundry Society111 (2003), pp. 845–850Search in Google Scholar

7 V. I.Dybkov: Effect of microstructure on the wear resistance of borided Fe-Cr alloys, International Journal of Materials Research104 (2013), No. 7, pp. 617–62910.3139/146.110915Search in Google Scholar

8 J.Ju, H. G.Fu, Y. P.Lei: Effect of Al addition on microstructure and properties of Fe-B-Al alloy, Materials Testing58 (2016), No. 9, pp. 753–76210.3139/120.110912Search in Google Scholar

9 Y. C.Peng, H. J.Jin, J. H.Liu, G. L.Li: Influence of cooling rate on the microstructure and properties of a new wear resistant carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI), Materials Characterization72 (2012), No. 7, pp. 53–5810.1016/j.matchar.2012.07.006Search in Google Scholar

10 A.Basso, S.Laino, R. C.Dommarco: Wear behavior of carbidic ductile iron with different matrices and carbide distribution, Tribology Transactions56 (2013), No. 1, pp. 33–4010.1080/10402004.2012.725149Search in Google Scholar

11 X.Chen, Y. X.Li, H. M.Zhang: Microstructure and mechanical properties of high boron white cast iron with about 4 wt.-% chromium, Journal of Materials Science46 (2011), No. 4, pp. 957–96310.1007/s10853-010-4840-6Search in Google Scholar

12 X. H.Zhi, J. Z.Liu, J. D.Xing, S. Q.Ma: Effect of cerium modification on microstructure and properties of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron, Materials Science & Engineering A603 (2014), No. 14, pp. 98–10310.1016/j.msea.2014.02.080Search in Google Scholar

13 A. A.Nofal, L.Jekova: Novel processing techniques and applications of austempered ductile iron (review), Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy44 (2009), No. 3, pp. 213–228Search in Google Scholar

14 S.Laino, J. A.Sikora, R. C.Dommarco: Development of wear resistant carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI), Wear265 (2008), No. 1 – 2, pp. 1–710.1016/j.wear.2007.08.013Search in Google Scholar

15 Y. C.Peng, H. J.Jin, J. H.Liu, G. L.Li: Effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbidic austempered ductile iron, Materials Science & Engineering A529 (2011), No. 1, pp. 321–32510.1016/j.msea.2011.09.034Search in Google Scholar

16 X. G.Sun, Y.Wang, D. Y.Li, G. D.Wang: Modification of carbidic austempered ductile iron with nano ceria for improved mechanical properties and abrasive wear resistance, Wear301 (2013), No. 1 – 2, pp. 116–12110.1016/j.wear.2012.12.018Search in Google Scholar

17 J. H.Liu, G. L.Li, X. B.Zhao, X. Y.Hao, J. J.Zhang: Effect of austempering temperature on microstructure and properties of carbide austempered ductile iron, Advanced Materials Research284–286 (2011), No. 8, pp. 1085–108810.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.284-286.1085Search in Google Scholar

18 W. T.Liu: Research on Ion Nitriding and Ion Carbonizing of Ti6Al4V, MSc Thesis, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China (2008)Search in Google Scholar

19 B.Çetin, H.Meco, K.Davut, E.Arslan, M. C.Uzun: Microstructural analysis of austempered ductile iron castings, Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering3 (2016), No. 1, pp. 29–3410.17350/HJSE19030000029Search in Google Scholar

20 T.Zhang, Y. F.Sun, J. Y.Zhao, J. Q.Liu, N.Wu, X.Xu: Effects of chromium on microstructures and properties of carbide austempered ductile iron, Foundry58 (2009), No. 11, pp. 1154–1157Search in Google Scholar

21 S. J.Hao, X. D.Song: Ductile Cast Iron, 1st Ed., Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, P. R. China (2014)Search in Google Scholar

22 M. L.Ding, B. J.Yu, L.Sun, X. J.Yu: Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of high Ni-Cr centrifugal composite ductile cast iron rolls, Heat Treatment of Metals39 (2014), No. 11, pp. 89–9210.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2014.11.021Search in Google Scholar

23 L. R.Wang, R. D.Huang, M. C.Chen: An experimental study of the sliding friction and wear behaviors of ADI, Journal of Hunan University19 (1992), No. 6, pp. 12–17Search in Google Scholar

24 X. F.Hu, D. S.Yan, L. J.Rong: Optimization of heat treatment and its influence on wear resistance for CADI material, Transactions of Materials & Heat Treatment34 (2013), pp. 108–113Search in Google Scholar

25 F. Y.Lin: Wear Theory and Anti-Wear Technology, 1st Ed., Science Press, Beijing, P. R. China (1993)Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-12-28
Published in Print: 2018-01-04

© 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Vorwort/Editorial
  4. Looking ahead after 60 successful years
  5. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  6. Deterioration mechanisms of materials – Influences on performance and reliability
  7. Corrosion fatigue assessment of extruded magnesium alloys AZ31 and ME20
  8. Low heat input welding of nickel superalloy GTD-111 with Inconel 625 filler metal
  9. Effect of Cr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of carbidic austempered ductile iron
  10. Optimization of welding parameters for DP600/TRIP800 dissimilar joints
  11. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded AISI 1040/AISI 304L steels before and after electrochemical corrosion
  12. Fatigue behavior and mechanism of KMN in a very high cycle regime
  13. Gaussian filtering algorithm describing the topography of temper rolled strip and related edge effect
  14. Impression creep behavior of magnesium alloy ZK60
  15. Rauheitsanforderungen für die mobile Härteprüfung metallischer Werkstoffe
  16. Preparation and characterization of Kevlar/glass fiber laminates with a nanoclay enhanced epoxy matrix
  17. Effect of seawater on pin-loaded laminated composites
  18. Thermomechanical and acidic treatments to improve plasticization and properties of chitosan films: A comparative study of acid types and glycerol effects
  19. Efficient reduction of graphene oxide film by low temperature heat treatment and its effect on electrical conductivity
  20. Experimental evaluation of optimum process parameters for spinning of metals
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111114

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Vorwort/Editorial
  4. Looking ahead after 60 successful years
  5. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  6. Deterioration mechanisms of materials – Influences on performance and reliability
  7. Corrosion fatigue assessment of extruded magnesium alloys AZ31 and ME20
  8. Low heat input welding of nickel superalloy GTD-111 with Inconel 625 filler metal
  9. Effect of Cr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of carbidic austempered ductile iron
  10. Optimization of welding parameters for DP600/TRIP800 dissimilar joints
  11. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded AISI 1040/AISI 304L steels before and after electrochemical corrosion
  12. Fatigue behavior and mechanism of KMN in a very high cycle regime
  13. Gaussian filtering algorithm describing the topography of temper rolled strip and related edge effect
  14. Impression creep behavior of magnesium alloy ZK60
  15. Rauheitsanforderungen für die mobile Härteprüfung metallischer Werkstoffe
  16. Preparation and characterization of Kevlar/glass fiber laminates with a nanoclay enhanced epoxy matrix
  17. Effect of seawater on pin-loaded laminated composites
  18. Thermomechanical and acidic treatments to improve plasticization and properties of chitosan films: A comparative study of acid types and glycerol effects
  19. Efficient reduction of graphene oxide film by low temperature heat treatment and its effect on electrical conductivity
  20. Experimental evaluation of optimum process parameters for spinning of metals
Downloaded on 14.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/120.111114/html
Scroll to top button