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Synchrotron X-ray CT of rose peduncles – evaluation of tissue damage by radiation*

  • Werner B. Herppich , Uzuki Matsushima , Wolfgang Graf , Simon Zabler , Martin Dawson , Gerard Choinka and Ingo Manke
Published/Copyright: May 16, 2018
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 57 Issue 1

Abstract

“Bent-neck” syndrome, an important postharvest problem of cut roses, is probably caused by water supply limitations and/or the structural weakness of vascular bundles of the peduncle tissue. For this reason, advanced knowledge about the microstructures of rose peduncles and their cultivar specific variations may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT), especially phase-based CT, is a highly suitable technique to nondestructively investigate plants’ micro anatomy. SXCT with monochromatic X-ray beams of 30, 40 and 50 keV photon energy was used to evaluate the three-dimensional inner structures of the peduncles of 3 rose cultivars that differ greatly in their bent-neck susceptibility. Results indicated that this technique achieves sufficiently high spatial resolution to investigate complex tissues. However, further investigations with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis (CFA) and optical microscope imagery reveal different kinds of heavy damage of the irradiated regions induced by synchrotron X-rays; in a cultivar-specific manner, partial destruction of cell walls occurred a few hours after X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, a delayed inhibition of photosynthesis accompanied by the degradation of chlorophyll was obvious from CFA within hours and days after the end of CT measurements. Although SXCT is certainly well suited for three-dimensional anatomical analysis of rose peduncles, the applied technique is not nondestructive.

Kurzfassung

Das ”Bent-Neck”-Syndrom, das Abknicken der Blüten lange vor dem Ende der genetisch fixierten Haltbarkeit der Pflanzen, ist speziell bei Schnittrosen ein wichtiges ökonomisches Problem. Es beruht möglicherweise auf einer verminderten Wasserversorgung und/oder auf einer strukturellen Schwäche des Blütenstielgewebes. Vertiefte Kenntnis über die anatomischen Mikrostrukturen der Blütenstiele und ihrer sortenspezifischen Unterschiede würde helfen, die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen besser zu verstehen. Synchrotron-Röntgen-Computertomographie (SXCT) und hier speziell die Phasenkontrast-CT sind eine äußerst geeignete Methode, um die Mikroanatomie der Pflanzen zu untersuchen. In den hier vorgestellten Versuchen wurde die SXCT mit monochromatischer Röntgenstrahlung von 30, 40 bzw. 50 keV Photonenenergie erfolgreich genutzt, um die innere Struktur der Blütenstiele von drei Rosensorten, die sich deutlich in ihrer ”Bent-Neck”-Empfindlichkeit unterscheiden, dreidimensional darzustellen. Die Ergebnisse der Versuche verdeutlichen, dass die mit der SXCT erzielte räumliche Auflösung absolut ausreichend ist, um auch komplexe Gewebe genau zu charakterisieren. Auf der anderen Seite zeigten weiterführende Untersuchungen mit der Chlorophyllfluoreszenz-Bildanalyse (CFBA) sowie die Auswertung von Schnittbildern, die mit einem optischen Mikroskop aufgenommen wurden, dass die SXCT im bestrahlten Pflanzengewebe verschiedene Arten von schweren Schädigungen mit unterschiedlicher Ausprägung und zeitlicher Dynamik verursacht. Eine teilweise Zerstörung von Zellwänden trat in einer sortenspezifisch ausgeprägten Reaktion innerhalb weniger Stunden nach der Bestrahlung auf. Eine zeitverzögerte Behinderung der Photosynthese, die von einem Chlorophyllabbau begleitet war, wurde aus den Untersuchungen mit der CFBA innerhalb von Stunden bzw. weniger Tage nach Ende der CT-Messungen ersichtlich. Weder die Qualität der CT-Aufnahmen noch der Grad der Gewebeschäden wurde von der Photonenenergie beeinflusst.

*Correspondence Address, Dr. rer. nat. Werner B. Herppich, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, E-mail:

Dr. rer. nat. Werner B. Herppich, born 1956, studied biology and chemistry (LaGymn) at the University of Bayreuth, Germany. From 1984 to 1996 he worked as a research assistant at the University of Bayreuth and at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Germany. He received his doctoral degree in 1989, completing his thesis on the effects on environmental parameters (light, leaf temperature, air humidity, soil water availability and leaf water status) on CAM mode in Plectranthus marrubioides Benth. Since 1997 he works at the Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e. V., Abteilung Technik im Gartenbau, Potsdam, Germany. His research focus on pre- and postharvest effects on physiological properties (photosynthesis, water relations, biophysics) and quality of fruits, vegetables and ornamentals.

Prof. Dr. Uzuki Matsushima studied agricultural engineering at the Yamagata University, Japan. In 2001, she completed her PhD thesis in agriculture at the University of Tokyo, Japan. From 1999 until 2005, she held a position as a research associate at the University of the Ryukyus. Then, from 2005 to 2007, she worked as Associate Professor at the Faculty of Agriculture Environmental Science Recycling Bioproduction Engineering of the Iwate University, Morioka, Japan and since 2007 at the Faculty of Agriculture of the same university. Key topics of her research are plant and biological instrumentation, and environment control in biology.

Dr. Wolfgang Graf, born 1966, studied horticulture at the University of Applied Science Berlin, Germany from 1995 to 1999 and horticultural science at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin from 2000 to 2003. In 2009, he finished his doctoral thesis on structure and function of cut rose peduncles. Since 2010, he works at the Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture (KTBL), Darmstadt, Germany.

Dr. Simon Zabler, born 1976, studied physics at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany and physics engineering at the INP Grenoble, France. In 2007, he completed his doctoral thesis on X-ray imaging by partially coherent synchrotron light. Since 2008, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the MPIKG Golm, Germany and the TU Berlin, Germany. In 2011, he joined the Fraunhofer IIS, leading the project group NanoCT Systems (NCTS) and preparing his habilitation at the chair of X-ray microscopy at the University of Würzburg, Germany. His work focuses on the development of novel X-ray methods for materials characterization, at the synchrotron and in the lab.

Dr. Martin Dawson, born 1982, studied physics at the University of Leeds, UK. He undertook a PhD in the field of neutron imaging jointly at the University of Leeds and the Institute Laue-Langevin, France, and later worked on the neutron imaging instrument at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Germany. He is currently a lecturer at the University of Salford, UK.

Dr. rer. nat. Ingo Manke is head of the Imaging Group at Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and Energy (HZB), Germany. He studied physics at the Freie Universität Berlin and completed his PhD thesis at TU Berlin on the field of scanning nearfield microscopy. Later he worked at Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration. Since 2003 he is working at HZB with research interests in materials science and in the development and application of radiographic and tomographic techniques with neutrons and X-rays.

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Published Online: 2018-05-16
Published in Print: 2015-01-05

© 2015, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Inhalt
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. A simple procedure for estimating SN-lines for crack initiation from SN-lines for total failure*
  5. Modellbasierte Korrelation zwischen dem elektrischen Widerstand und der Versetzungsstruktur des ermüdungsbeanspruchten ICE-Radstahls R7
  6. Effect of cobalt on the aging kinetics and the properties of a CuCoNiBe alloy
  7. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-5Cr-1.4B alloy
  8. Interface characterization of friction welded low carbon steel and copper alloys
  9. Field test methods for aluminum gas cylinders
  10. Application of the Taguchi method for parameter optimization of the surface grinding process
  11. A discrete dislocation technique for fatigue microcracks (Part I)
  12. A discrete dislocation technique for fatigue microcracks (Part II)
  13. Synchrotron X-ray CT of rose peduncles – evaluation of tissue damage by radiation*
  14. Surface roughness analysis and optimization for the CNC milling process by the desirability function combined with the response surface methodology
  15. Design, manufacture and analysis of composite epoxy material with embedded silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles/fibers
  16. Performance of organic and inorganic substances as inhibitors for chloride-induced corrosion in concrete
  17. Fillet welding of austenitic stainless steel using the double channel shielding gas method with cored wire
  18. Applying quadraphonic transmission ultrasonic defectoscopy on standard aluminum materials
  19. Kalender/Calendar
  20. Kalender
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110675

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Inhalt
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. A simple procedure for estimating SN-lines for crack initiation from SN-lines for total failure*
  5. Modellbasierte Korrelation zwischen dem elektrischen Widerstand und der Versetzungsstruktur des ermüdungsbeanspruchten ICE-Radstahls R7
  6. Effect of cobalt on the aging kinetics and the properties of a CuCoNiBe alloy
  7. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-5Cr-1.4B alloy
  8. Interface characterization of friction welded low carbon steel and copper alloys
  9. Field test methods for aluminum gas cylinders
  10. Application of the Taguchi method for parameter optimization of the surface grinding process
  11. A discrete dislocation technique for fatigue microcracks (Part I)
  12. A discrete dislocation technique for fatigue microcracks (Part II)
  13. Synchrotron X-ray CT of rose peduncles – evaluation of tissue damage by radiation*
  14. Surface roughness analysis and optimization for the CNC milling process by the desirability function combined with the response surface methodology
  15. Design, manufacture and analysis of composite epoxy material with embedded silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles/fibers
  16. Performance of organic and inorganic substances as inhibitors for chloride-induced corrosion in concrete
  17. Fillet welding of austenitic stainless steel using the double channel shielding gas method with cored wire
  18. Applying quadraphonic transmission ultrasonic defectoscopy on standard aluminum materials
  19. Kalender/Calendar
  20. Kalender
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