Trimerization of aldehydes with one α-hydrogen catalyzed by sodium hydroxide
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Yu-Gang Li
,
Chen-Xi Luo
Abstract
Trimerization of 2-methylpropanal (isobutyraldehyde) is a simple and effective method to synthesize 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-3-monoisobutyrate which are often used as film forming auxiliaries in paints. The use of solid sodium hydroxide as a catalyst provides an excellent yield of above 85 % after the optimization of the reaction time and the catalyst dosage. Furthermore, trimerization of four other aldehydes with one α-hydrogen catalyzed by solid sodium hydroxide can also take place and the yield of 1,3-diol monoesters reaches 50–70 %. Trimerization of aldehydes with one α-hydrogen can be explained by a three-step reaction mechanism: (i) aldol condensation of aldehyde; (ii) crossed Cannizzaro reaction; and (iii) esterification of carboxylic acid and alcohol.
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© 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Analytical protocol for investigation of zinc speciation in plant tissue
- Assessment of waxy and non-waxy corn and wheat cultivars as starch substrates for ethanol fermentation
- Effect of quaternary ammonium silane coating on adhesive immobilization of industrial yeasts
- Modeling of supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Calycopteris floribunda leaves
- Determination of limiting current density for different electrodialysis modules
- Dyeing of multiple types of fabrics with a single reactive azo disperse dye
- Physicochemical fractionation of americium, thorium, and uranium in Chernozem soil after sharp temperature change and soil drought
- Ultra-trace determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in drinking water and alcoholic beverages using homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- Synthesis, thermal stability, electronic features, and antimicrobial activity of phenolic azo dyes and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes
- Inhibition of copper corrosion in acidic sulphate media by eco-friendly amino acid compound
- Formation of nanostructured polyaniline by dopant-free oxidation of aniline in a water/isopropanol mixture
- Total synthesis of cannabisin F
- Design and synthesis of novel thiopheno-4-thiazolidinylindoles as potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agents
- Microwave-assisted synthesis and antibacterial activity of derivatives of 3-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-(4-fluorobenzylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine
- DFT study on [4+2] and [2+2] cycloadditions to [60] fullerene
- Efficient thioacetalisation of carbonyl compounds
- Trimerization of aldehydes with one α-hydrogen catalyzed by sodium hydroxide
