Startseite The crystal structure and chemistry of natural giniite and implications for Mars
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The crystal structure and chemistry of natural giniite and implications for Mars

  • Christopher T. Adcock , Elisabeth M. Hausrath , Elizabeth B. Rampe , Hexiong Yang und Robert T. Downs
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 2. März 2023
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 108 Heft 3

Abstract

Investigations of planetary processes using phosphate minerals often focus on igneous, recrystallized, or potentially metasomatized minerals, likely as a result of the minerals commonly available for study within meteorites and lunar samples. However, Mars is a relatively phosphorus-rich planet and possesses abundant evidence of past aqueous surface interactions. Therefore, secondary phosphate phases may be important on the martian surface. Giniite [ Fe2+Fe43+(PO4)4(OH)2⋅2H2O ] is a secondary phosphate mineral that has been suggested as a potentially significant phase at locations in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum on Mars. Although relatively rare as a natural mineral on Earth, giniite has gained attention as an important mineral in industry and technology, especially the lithium battery industry, and the ferrian version of the mineral is often synthesized. This suggests giniite may be important as an in situ resource utilization (ISRU) target for future extended human missions to Mars. Despite this, there are few data available on the natural mineral and the last characterization of the structure was over 40 years ago. There has also been confusion in the literature as to whether giniite is orthorhombic or monoclinic. In this work we revisit and document the chemistry and crystal structure of natural giniite from the type locality at the Sandamab pegmatite in Namibia using updated techniques. Our results refine and update what was previously known regarding the structure and chemistry of giniite and support the potential of the mineral as a possible martian scientific and resource target for further study to aid future missions.

Keywords: Giniite; Fe-phosphate; ferrous giniite; ferric giniite; ferrian; phosphate; hydroxyphosphate; martian habitability; Mars; ISRU; XRD; Earth Analogs for martian Geological Materials and Processes

† Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the RRUFF project for data and sample access to the giniite used in this study.

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Received: 2021-05-13
Accepted: 2022-02-24
Published Online: 2023-03-02
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 Mineralogical Society of America

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Mineralogy and bulk geochemistry of a fumarole at Hverir, Iceland: Analog for acid-sulfate leaching on Mars
  2. The crystal structure and chemistry of natural giniite and implications for Mars
  3. Solid solution of CaSiO3 and MgSiO3 perovskites in the lower mantle: The role of ferrous iron
  4. Secondary ion mass spectrometer analyses for trace elements in glass standards using variably charged silicon ions for normalization
  5. Raman shifts of c-BN as an ideal P-T sensor for studying water-rock interactions in a diamond-anvil cell
  6. Resetting of the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems in altered bastnäsite: Insight from the behavior of Pb at nanoscale
  7. X-ray diffraction reveals two structural transitions in szomolnokite
  8. Contamination of heterogeneous lower crust in Hannuoba tholeiite: Evidence from in situ trace elements and strontium isotopes of plagioclase
  9. Oxygen fugacity buffering in high-pressure solid media assemblies from IW-6.5 to IW+4.5 and application to the V K-edge oxybarometer
  10. Trace element partitioning between anhydrite, sulfate melt, and silicate melt
  11. Chemical reaction between ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O and water under high pressure-temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle
  12. Composition-dependent thermal equation of state of B2 Fe-Si alloys at high pressure
  13. Effects of thermal annealing on water content and δ18O in zircon
  14. Tourmaline and zircon trace the nature and timing of magmatic-hydrothermal episodes in granite-related Sn mineralization: Insights from the Libata Sn ore field
  15. Cation ordering, twinning, and pseudo-symmetry in silicate garnet: The study of a birefringent garnet with orthorhombic structure
  16. The occurrence of monoclinic jarosite in natural environments
  17. Niobium speciation in minerals revealed by L2,3-edges XANES spectroscopy
  18. The first occurrence of the carbide anion, C4–, in an oxide mineral: Mikecoxite, ideally (CHg4)OCl2, from the McDermitt open-pit mine, Humboldt County, Nevada, U.S.A
  19. Hydrothermal alteration of Ni-rich sulfides in peridotites of Abu Dahr, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Relationships among minerals in the Fe-Ni-Co-O-S system, fO2 and fS2
  20. New Mineral Names: Arsenic and Lead
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8138
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Giniite; Fe-phosphate; ferrous giniite; ferric giniite; ferrian; phosphate; hydroxyphosphate; martian habitability; Mars; ISRU; XRD; Earth Analogs for martian Geological Materials and Processes

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Mineralogy and bulk geochemistry of a fumarole at Hverir, Iceland: Analog for acid-sulfate leaching on Mars
  2. The crystal structure and chemistry of natural giniite and implications for Mars
  3. Solid solution of CaSiO3 and MgSiO3 perovskites in the lower mantle: The role of ferrous iron
  4. Secondary ion mass spectrometer analyses for trace elements in glass standards using variably charged silicon ions for normalization
  5. Raman shifts of c-BN as an ideal P-T sensor for studying water-rock interactions in a diamond-anvil cell
  6. Resetting of the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems in altered bastnäsite: Insight from the behavior of Pb at nanoscale
  7. X-ray diffraction reveals two structural transitions in szomolnokite
  8. Contamination of heterogeneous lower crust in Hannuoba tholeiite: Evidence from in situ trace elements and strontium isotopes of plagioclase
  9. Oxygen fugacity buffering in high-pressure solid media assemblies from IW-6.5 to IW+4.5 and application to the V K-edge oxybarometer
  10. Trace element partitioning between anhydrite, sulfate melt, and silicate melt
  11. Chemical reaction between ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O and water under high pressure-temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle
  12. Composition-dependent thermal equation of state of B2 Fe-Si alloys at high pressure
  13. Effects of thermal annealing on water content and δ18O in zircon
  14. Tourmaline and zircon trace the nature and timing of magmatic-hydrothermal episodes in granite-related Sn mineralization: Insights from the Libata Sn ore field
  15. Cation ordering, twinning, and pseudo-symmetry in silicate garnet: The study of a birefringent garnet with orthorhombic structure
  16. The occurrence of monoclinic jarosite in natural environments
  17. Niobium speciation in minerals revealed by L2,3-edges XANES spectroscopy
  18. The first occurrence of the carbide anion, C4–, in an oxide mineral: Mikecoxite, ideally (CHg4)OCl2, from the McDermitt open-pit mine, Humboldt County, Nevada, U.S.A
  19. Hydrothermal alteration of Ni-rich sulfides in peridotites of Abu Dahr, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Relationships among minerals in the Fe-Ni-Co-O-S system, fO2 and fS2
  20. New Mineral Names: Arsenic and Lead
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