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Resetting of the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems in altered bastnäsite: Insight from the behavior of Pb at nanoscale

  • Wei Zhang , Wei Terry Chen EMAIL logo , Daniel Harlov and Jian-Feng Gao
Published/Copyright: March 2, 2023
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 108 Issue 3

Abstract

Bastnäsite contains considerable amounts of U and Th and has been widely used for U-Th-Pb dating. Hydrothermal alteration of bastnäsite is common in nature but its effects on U-Th-Pb dating are not currently well constrained. Hence the significance of U-Th-Pb ages obtained from altered bastnäsite cannot be evaluated. Here, we present a detailed geochronologic as well as micro- and nano-scale mineralogical study of altered bastnäsite in a Mo-REE deposit, Central China. The original bastnäsite grains were confirmed to have crystalized at 208 Ma but were variably overprinted by a hydrothermal event at 150 Ma. They commonly exhibit typical replacement textures that appear to have formed from a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process, i.e., a primary unaltered domain surrounded by a porous altered domain. Micro- and nano-scale mineralogical observations strongly suggest that during the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process, non-radiogenic (common) Pb was incorporated into the altered domains in the form of nanoscale galena inclusions. Such incorporation (even minor) has significantly affected the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ratios due to the low contents of U and its daughter isotopes in bastnäsite, resulting in highly variable, discordant U-Pb dates for the altered domains. In contrast, incorporation of the non-radiogenic Pb has very limited effects (<5%) on the Th-Pb system due to the remarkably high contents of Th and radiogenic 208Pb in bastnäsite. Instead, the scattered 208Pb/232Th ages (208 to 150 Ma) of the altered domains were essentially affected by incomplete replacement, and thus can be used to approximate the lower age limit of the primary hydrothermal activity or the upper age limit of the secondary hydrothermal activity. The results from this study highlight that because of the different orders of magnitude between the U and Th contents in bastnäsite, the mobilization of radiogenic and non-radiogenic Pb during alteration may have significantly different impacts on the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems. Therefore, the two systems should be treated separately during the dating of bastnäsite resulting from secondary hydrothermal events.

Keywords: Bastnäsite; dissolution-reprecipitation; reset; U-Th-Pb ages; Huangshuian Mo-REE deposit

Funding statement: This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41822303, 42121003, 42103065). Additional support was provided by Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (QYZDB-SSW-DQC008).

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Hua-Kai Chen and Jing-Hui Li for the field assistance and Xiang Li, Yan-Xue Wu, and Shao-Hua Dong for the analytical experiments. We sincerely thank Callum Hetherington for editorial handling, and Etienne Skrzypek and an anonymous reviewer for detailed and insightful suggestions.

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Received: 2021-09-24
Accepted: 2022-03-02
Published Online: 2023-03-02
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8318
Keywords for this article
Bastnäsite; dissolution-reprecipitation; reset; U-Th-Pb ages; Huangshuian Mo-REE deposit

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Mineralogy and bulk geochemistry of a fumarole at Hverir, Iceland: Analog for acid-sulfate leaching on Mars
  2. The crystal structure and chemistry of natural giniite and implications for Mars
  3. Solid solution of CaSiO3 and MgSiO3 perovskites in the lower mantle: The role of ferrous iron
  4. Secondary ion mass spectrometer analyses for trace elements in glass standards using variably charged silicon ions for normalization
  5. Raman shifts of c-BN as an ideal P-T sensor for studying water-rock interactions in a diamond-anvil cell
  6. Resetting of the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems in altered bastnäsite: Insight from the behavior of Pb at nanoscale
  7. X-ray diffraction reveals two structural transitions in szomolnokite
  8. Contamination of heterogeneous lower crust in Hannuoba tholeiite: Evidence from in situ trace elements and strontium isotopes of plagioclase
  9. Oxygen fugacity buffering in high-pressure solid media assemblies from IW-6.5 to IW+4.5 and application to the V K-edge oxybarometer
  10. Trace element partitioning between anhydrite, sulfate melt, and silicate melt
  11. Chemical reaction between ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O and water under high pressure-temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle
  12. Composition-dependent thermal equation of state of B2 Fe-Si alloys at high pressure
  13. Effects of thermal annealing on water content and δ18O in zircon
  14. Tourmaline and zircon trace the nature and timing of magmatic-hydrothermal episodes in granite-related Sn mineralization: Insights from the Libata Sn ore field
  15. Cation ordering, twinning, and pseudo-symmetry in silicate garnet: The study of a birefringent garnet with orthorhombic structure
  16. The occurrence of monoclinic jarosite in natural environments
  17. Niobium speciation in minerals revealed by L2,3-edges XANES spectroscopy
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  20. New Mineral Names: Arsenic and Lead
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