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Composition-dependent thermal equation of state of B2 Fe-Si alloys at high pressure

  • Shunpei Yokoo ORCID logo , Eric Edmund , Guillaume Morard , Marzena Anna Baron , Silvia Boccato , Frédéric Decremps , Kei Hirose , Anna Pakhomova and Daniele Antonangeli
Published/Copyright: March 2, 2023
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 108 Issue 3

Abstract

Solid iron-silicon alloys play an important role in planetary cores, especially for planets that formed under reducing conditions, such as Mercury. The CsCl (B2) structure occupies a considerable portion of the Fe-Si binary phase diagram at pressure and temperature conditions relevant for the core of Mercury, yet its thermodynamic and thermoelastic properties are poorly known. Here, we report in situ X-ray difraction measurements on iron-silicon alloys with 7–30 wt% Si performed in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells up to ~120 GPa and ~3000 K. Unit-cell volumes of the B2 phase at high pressures and high temperatures have been used to obtain a composition-dependent thermal equation of state of this phase. In turn, the thermal equation of state is exploited to determine the composition of the B2 phase in hcp+B2 mixtures at 30–100 GPa and to place constraints on the hcp+B2/B2 phase boundary, determined to vary between ~13–18 wt% Si in the considered pressure and temperature range. The hcp+B2/B2 boundary of Fe-Si alloys is observed to be dependent on pressure but weakly dependent on temperature. Our results, coupled with literature data on liquid equations of state, yield an estimation of the density contrast between B2 solid and liquid under Mercury’s core conditions, which directly relates to the buoyancy of the crystallizing material. While the density contrast may be large enough to form a solid inner core by the gravitational sinking of B2 alloys in a Si-rich core, the density of the B2 solid is close to that of the liquid at solidus conditions for Si concentration approaching ~10 wt% Si.

Keywords: Fe-FeSi system; equation of state; phase diagram; high-pressure experiment; planetary interiors; Mercury; inner core

† Present address: Earth & Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C. 20015, U.S.A.

Funding statement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 724690). PVD machines at IMPMC have been supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 670787). M.A.B. has received funding from ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 670787). The Scanning Electron Microscope facilities at IMPMC are supported by Région 415 Ile-de-France grant SESAME 2006 No. I-07-593/R, INSU-CNRS, Institut 416 de Physique (INP)-CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, and by 417 the French National Research Agency (ANR) grant ANR-07-BLAN-0124-01. We acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. This research was carried out at P02.2 beamline of Petra III. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were helpful in improving the manuscript.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank A. Boury for PVD sample synthesis, and R. Husband and N. Giordano for temperature calibration testing on Petra III beamline P02.2. We also thank A. Rivoldini for fruitful discussions.

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Received: 2021-03-24
Accepted: 2022-03-21
Published Online: 2023-03-02
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8067
Keywords for this article
Fe-FeSi system; equation of state; phase diagram; high-pressure experiment; planetary interiors; Mercury; inner core

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