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Raman shifts of c-BN as an ideal P-T sensor for studying water-rock interactions in a diamond-anvil cell

  • Lu’an Ren , Chao Wang , Xiaowei Li ORCID logo and Renbiao Tao ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 2, 2023
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 108 Issue 3

Abstract

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) has the same structure as diamond, and it shows very inert reaction activity in different chemical environments, even under high-pressure (P) and high-temperature (T) conditions. Furthermore, the P- and T-dependent Raman shift of c-BN (e.g., TO mode) can be distinguished from that of the diamond anvil (c-BN at ~1054 cm–1 vs. diamond at ~1331 cm–1 at ambient conditions), making c-BN a potential P-T sensor for diamond-anvil cell (DAC) experiments. However, the Raman shift of c-BN has not been well studied at high P-T conditions, especially at temperatures above 700 K. In this study, we systematically calibrated the Raman shift of the TO mode (νTO) for synthetic c-BN grains at high-P and high-T conditions up to 15 GPa and 1300 K. Both ruby (Mao et al. 1986) and Sm2+:SrB4O7 (Datchi et al. 2007) were used as internally consistent standards for calibration of c-BN P-T sensor. Our results show that the Raman shift of c-BN is negatively correlated with temperature [∂νTO/∂T = –0.02206(71)] but positively correlated with pressure [∂νTO/∂P = –3.35(2)]. More importantly, we found that the P-T cross derivative for the Raman shift of c-BN [∂2νTO/∂P∂T = 0.00105(7)] cannot be ignored, as it was assumed in previous studies. Finally, we calibrated a Raman shift P-T sensor of c-BN up to 15 GPa and 1300 K as follows:

P = A T − A T 2 + 0.2194 B T , Δ ν 0.1097

where A(T) = 3.47(6) + 0.00105(7)T, B(T, ΔνTO) = 2.81(51) – 0.0053(16)T – 1.78(11) × 10–5 T2 – ΔνTO. The c-BN Raman shift P-T sensor in this study fills the P-T gap ranging from previously performed externally resistance-heated to laser-heated DAC experiments. The effect of c-BN grain size and Raman system laser power on the calibration were also tested for the P-T sensor. In addition, we conducted three sets of high-P-T experiments to test the practicability of c-BN P-T sensor for water-rock interaction experiments in DAC. Testing experiments showed c-BN has very stable chemical activity in water and clear Raman signal at high-P-T conditions in comparison with other P-T sensors (e.g., ruby, Sm2+:SrB4O7, and quartz). Hence, the Raman shifts of c-BN may serve as an ideal P-T sensor for studying water-rock interactions in a DAC, especially at high-P and high-T conditions relevant to subduction zones.

Keywords: Cubic boron nitride (c-BN); Raman shift; high-P-T sensor; diamond anvil cell; water-rock interactions

Funding statement: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0708501) and the NSFC Major Research Plan on West-Pacific Earth System Multispheric Interactions (project number: 92158206).

Acknowledgments

We thank Xiaojun Hu from the Wuhan University of Technology for kindly providing the synthetic c-BN powders and Chaoshuai Zhao and Heping Li for providing the synthetic Sm2+:SrB4O7 powders for the calibration work in this study. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and Antonio dos Santos (Associate Editor) for his careful editorial handling and helpful suggestions.

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Received: 2021-10-31
Accepted: 2022-03-05
Published Online: 2023-03-02
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8372
Keywords for this article
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN); Raman shift; high-P-T sensor; diamond anvil cell; water-rock interactions

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Mineralogy and bulk geochemistry of a fumarole at Hverir, Iceland: Analog for acid-sulfate leaching on Mars
  2. The crystal structure and chemistry of natural giniite and implications for Mars
  3. Solid solution of CaSiO3 and MgSiO3 perovskites in the lower mantle: The role of ferrous iron
  4. Secondary ion mass spectrometer analyses for trace elements in glass standards using variably charged silicon ions for normalization
  5. Raman shifts of c-BN as an ideal P-T sensor for studying water-rock interactions in a diamond-anvil cell
  6. Resetting of the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems in altered bastnäsite: Insight from the behavior of Pb at nanoscale
  7. X-ray diffraction reveals two structural transitions in szomolnokite
  8. Contamination of heterogeneous lower crust in Hannuoba tholeiite: Evidence from in situ trace elements and strontium isotopes of plagioclase
  9. Oxygen fugacity buffering in high-pressure solid media assemblies from IW-6.5 to IW+4.5 and application to the V K-edge oxybarometer
  10. Trace element partitioning between anhydrite, sulfate melt, and silicate melt
  11. Chemical reaction between ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O and water under high pressure-temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle
  12. Composition-dependent thermal equation of state of B2 Fe-Si alloys at high pressure
  13. Effects of thermal annealing on water content and δ18O in zircon
  14. Tourmaline and zircon trace the nature and timing of magmatic-hydrothermal episodes in granite-related Sn mineralization: Insights from the Libata Sn ore field
  15. Cation ordering, twinning, and pseudo-symmetry in silicate garnet: The study of a birefringent garnet with orthorhombic structure
  16. The occurrence of monoclinic jarosite in natural environments
  17. Niobium speciation in minerals revealed by L2,3-edges XANES spectroscopy
  18. The first occurrence of the carbide anion, C4–, in an oxide mineral: Mikecoxite, ideally (CHg4)OCl2, from the McDermitt open-pit mine, Humboldt County, Nevada, U.S.A
  19. Hydrothermal alteration of Ni-rich sulfides in peridotites of Abu Dahr, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Relationships among minerals in the Fe-Ni-Co-O-S system, fO2 and fS2
  20. New Mineral Names: Arsenic and Lead
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