Abstract
During gas turbine engine testing, steady-state gas-path stagnation temperatures and pressures are measured in order to calculate the adiabatic efficiencies of the major turbomachinery components. These measurements are carried out using fixed intrusive probes, which are installed at the inlet and outlet of each component. The overall uncertainty in calculated component efficiency depends on the accuracy of discrete point pressure and temperature measurement. High accuracy in measurement and prediction of measurement errors has become increasingly important if small gains in component performance needs to be achieved. The recent trend is to predict component efficiencies within ±1–2%. The present work covers different Kiel designs that have been developed in a response to this demand based on a MATLAB code and experimental evaluation. A parametric study has been carried out by varying the two most critical parameters viz. Ae/Ab ratio and L/D ratio to optimize the Kiel design. These design changes will allow measurements to be made with minimum possible errors and efficiencies to be calculated more accurately over a wider range of conditions inside a low bypass turbofan gas turbine engine.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Instrumentation and Control Engineering group (ICG), Afterburner group, Compressor Group of GTRE for their valuable suggestions, support and constructive comments. The authors are thankful to Director GTRE for giving permission to publish the manuscript.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
References
1. Bonham, IC, Thorpe, SJ, Erlund, MN, Stevenson, RJ. Combination probes for stagnation pressure and temperature measurements in gas turbine engines. J Meas Sci Technol 2017;29:Art no. 015002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa925c.Search in Google Scholar
2. Vazquez, R, Sanchez, JM. Temperature measurement system for low pressure ratio turbine testing. In: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2003, June 16-19, 2003. GT2003-38685. ASME. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.10.1115/GT2003-38685Search in Google Scholar
3. MIL-E-5007D. Military specification: engine, aircraft, turbojet and turbofan, general specification. Virginia U S: U S Department Of Defense; 1973.Search in Google Scholar
4. Guide to thermocouple and resistance thermometry. TC Issue 6.1. TC Ltd UK; 2012.Search in Google Scholar
5. Von Moll, A, Behbahani, AR, Fralick, GC, Wrbanek, JD, Hunter, GW. A review of exhaust gas temperature sensing techniques for modern turbine engine controls. In: 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Cleveland, Ohio: AIAA; July 2014. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3977.Search in Google Scholar
6. Zahir, U, Zhang, W, Yang, W, Zou, Z, Zhao, J. Numerical investigation on metrological fidelity of a shielded thermocouple probe and the effects of geometrical parameters. Int J Turbo Jet Engines 2019;1. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2019-0017.Search in Google Scholar
7. Paniagua, G, Dénos, R, Oropesa, M. Thermocouple probes for accurate temperature measurements in short duration facilities. In: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo; 2002. GT-2002-30043. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ASME.10.1115/GT2002-30043Search in Google Scholar
8. Zeisberger, A. Total temperature probes for turbine and combustor applications. München: MTU Aero Engines GmbH. ISABE-2007-1108.Search in Google Scholar
9. Mishra, RK, Elangovan, S, Nagesh, U. Temperature measurement problems in an aero gas turbine engine. INCON 2004. India: Pune Institute of Engineering and Technology; 2004.Search in Google Scholar
10. Mishra, RK, Dileep, S. A novel methodology to estimate life of gas turbine components under multiaxial variable amplitude loading. J Fail Anal Prev 2017;17:731–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-017-0309-0.Search in Google Scholar
11. George, B, Muthuveerappan, N. Life assessment of a high temperature probe designed for performance evaluation and health monitoring of an aero gas turbine engine. Int J Turbo Jet Eng 2020. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2020-0037.Search in Google Scholar
12. ANSYS R19 Fluent. Pennsylvania USA: ANSYS, Inc.; 2019.Search in Google Scholar
13. Saravanamuttoo, H. Recommended practices for measurement of gas path pressures and temperatures for performance assessment of aircraft turbine engines and components. Defense Technical Information Centre, Neuilly Sur Seine, France; 1990 Technical report. ISBN 92-835-0499-2.Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- The International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines
- The aerothermodynamic cycle optimal design of a turbofan engine
- Multi-condition design optimization of groove flow control technique in an axial-flow pump
- Analysis on impulse characteristics of pulse detonation engine with nozzles
- Numerical investigation on implication of innovative hydrogen strut injector on performance and combustion characteristics in a scramjet combustor
- Optimization of Kiel geometry for better recovery factor in high temperature measurement in aero gas turbine engine
- Applicability of correlational data-mining to small-scale turbojet performance map generation
- Effect of multi-zone effusion cooling on an adiabatic flat plate for gas turbine application
- Flow quality improvement of the wind tunnel testing for a highly-loaded compressor cascade at high incidence
- Modeling and analysis of 3D radiative heat transfer in combustor
- A creep-fatigue life prediction model considering multi-factor coupling effect
- Optimization-based transient control of turbofan engines: a sequential quadratic programming approach
- Investigations on the interaction between the front and aft purge flow and the downstream vane of 1.5-stage turbine
- A study on design optimization for compressor blisks
- Exploration of an unconventional validation tool to investigate aero engine transonic fan flutter signature
- Evaluation of non-uniform water film behavior on the performance of an axial aeroengine compressor
- Predicting remaining useful life of turbofan engines using degradation signal based echo state network
- Effect of G-type integral squeeze film damper on the dynamic characteristics in rotor system
- Development of a one-dimensional code for the initial design of a micro gas turbine mixed flow compressor stage
- Numerical and experimental investigations of tip clearance effects in a high-flow-coefficient centrifugal compressor
- Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of turboprop engine exhaust gas impingement on pusher aircraft
- Heat transfer distribution of single oblique jet impingement in crossflow under different inlet conditions
- Performance enhancement and flow separation control in an S-duct by air injection
- Gas dynamic analysis of the modern single shaft gas turbine engine flow path
- Aero engine health monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics for condition-based maintenance: an overview
- Influence of leading edge point on aerodynamic performance of asymmetric leading edge compressor airfoils
- The aerothermal performance of turbine blade squealer tip at various Reynolds numbers and Mach numbers with moving endwall
- Numerical investigation of a variable stator vane with nonuniform partial radial gaps in an annular compressor cascade
- Effect of self-recirculating casing treatment on the unsteady flow and stability of counter-rotating axial-flow compressor
- Research on temperature rise characteristics of end V-groove ring seal
- Research on the influence of honeycomb cell blockage on the seal leakage characteristics
- Vortex structure control based bleed in axial compressor cascade with tip clearance using large eddy simulation
- Development and application of a profile loss model considering the low-Re effect in low-pressure turbine
- Optimization of ACE mode transition control schedule considering geometric adjustment speed
- Numerical investigation of flow control in low-pressure turbine cascade using Gurney Flaps
- The design method of the V-shaped groove piston ring
- Control of subsonic jets using vanes as vortex generators
- Impact investigation of inlet environmental changes on the rated condition performance of a high-pressure compressor
- Research on new integral squeeze film damper vibration control of micro turbojet engine at high speed
- Effect of the distribution of the upstream probe support on performance of compressor cascade
- Effect of bypass ratio on sonic underexpanded co-flow jets with finite lip thickness
- Machine learning augmented multi-sensor data fusion to detect aero engine fan rotor blade flutter
- CFD analysis of flow control in compressor cascade using MVGs
- Quantitative investigation of the evaporation and resistance characteristics of inlet jet precooling
- Study on laser de-weight and dynamic balance technology of rotating machines
- Integrated design and analysis of inlet and missile with two side layout
- Research on turboprop engine control method based on linear parameter varying model
- Modeling and validation of the volume effect on the axial fan transient performance
- Ground effects on the aerodynamics of a wing with slot type distributed propulsion system for VTOL applications
- Multidisciplinary sensitivity analysis for turbine blade considering thickness uncertainties
- Accurate measurement and evaluation method of axial compressor efficiency under the influence of multiple factors
- Control mechanism of secondary flow in a turbine cascade with non-axisymmetric endwall profiling under Co-rotating incoming vortex
- Infrared simulation of aircraft rear fuselage based on a coupled CFD method
- Effect of multi-hole trench cooling on an adiabatic flat plate for gas turbine application
- Numerical study of transition process in different zones of a compressor cascade channel
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- The International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines
- The aerothermodynamic cycle optimal design of a turbofan engine
- Multi-condition design optimization of groove flow control technique in an axial-flow pump
- Analysis on impulse characteristics of pulse detonation engine with nozzles
- Numerical investigation on implication of innovative hydrogen strut injector on performance and combustion characteristics in a scramjet combustor
- Optimization of Kiel geometry for better recovery factor in high temperature measurement in aero gas turbine engine
- Applicability of correlational data-mining to small-scale turbojet performance map generation
- Effect of multi-zone effusion cooling on an adiabatic flat plate for gas turbine application
- Flow quality improvement of the wind tunnel testing for a highly-loaded compressor cascade at high incidence
- Modeling and analysis of 3D radiative heat transfer in combustor
- A creep-fatigue life prediction model considering multi-factor coupling effect
- Optimization-based transient control of turbofan engines: a sequential quadratic programming approach
- Investigations on the interaction between the front and aft purge flow and the downstream vane of 1.5-stage turbine
- A study on design optimization for compressor blisks
- Exploration of an unconventional validation tool to investigate aero engine transonic fan flutter signature
- Evaluation of non-uniform water film behavior on the performance of an axial aeroengine compressor
- Predicting remaining useful life of turbofan engines using degradation signal based echo state network
- Effect of G-type integral squeeze film damper on the dynamic characteristics in rotor system
- Development of a one-dimensional code for the initial design of a micro gas turbine mixed flow compressor stage
- Numerical and experimental investigations of tip clearance effects in a high-flow-coefficient centrifugal compressor
- Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of turboprop engine exhaust gas impingement on pusher aircraft
- Heat transfer distribution of single oblique jet impingement in crossflow under different inlet conditions
- Performance enhancement and flow separation control in an S-duct by air injection
- Gas dynamic analysis of the modern single shaft gas turbine engine flow path
- Aero engine health monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics for condition-based maintenance: an overview
- Influence of leading edge point on aerodynamic performance of asymmetric leading edge compressor airfoils
- The aerothermal performance of turbine blade squealer tip at various Reynolds numbers and Mach numbers with moving endwall
- Numerical investigation of a variable stator vane with nonuniform partial radial gaps in an annular compressor cascade
- Effect of self-recirculating casing treatment on the unsteady flow and stability of counter-rotating axial-flow compressor
- Research on temperature rise characteristics of end V-groove ring seal
- Research on the influence of honeycomb cell blockage on the seal leakage characteristics
- Vortex structure control based bleed in axial compressor cascade with tip clearance using large eddy simulation
- Development and application of a profile loss model considering the low-Re effect in low-pressure turbine
- Optimization of ACE mode transition control schedule considering geometric adjustment speed
- Numerical investigation of flow control in low-pressure turbine cascade using Gurney Flaps
- The design method of the V-shaped groove piston ring
- Control of subsonic jets using vanes as vortex generators
- Impact investigation of inlet environmental changes on the rated condition performance of a high-pressure compressor
- Research on new integral squeeze film damper vibration control of micro turbojet engine at high speed
- Effect of the distribution of the upstream probe support on performance of compressor cascade
- Effect of bypass ratio on sonic underexpanded co-flow jets with finite lip thickness
- Machine learning augmented multi-sensor data fusion to detect aero engine fan rotor blade flutter
- CFD analysis of flow control in compressor cascade using MVGs
- Quantitative investigation of the evaporation and resistance characteristics of inlet jet precooling
- Study on laser de-weight and dynamic balance technology of rotating machines
- Integrated design and analysis of inlet and missile with two side layout
- Research on turboprop engine control method based on linear parameter varying model
- Modeling and validation of the volume effect on the axial fan transient performance
- Ground effects on the aerodynamics of a wing with slot type distributed propulsion system for VTOL applications
- Multidisciplinary sensitivity analysis for turbine blade considering thickness uncertainties
- Accurate measurement and evaluation method of axial compressor efficiency under the influence of multiple factors
- Control mechanism of secondary flow in a turbine cascade with non-axisymmetric endwall profiling under Co-rotating incoming vortex
- Infrared simulation of aircraft rear fuselage based on a coupled CFD method
- Effect of multi-hole trench cooling on an adiabatic flat plate for gas turbine application
- Numerical study of transition process in different zones of a compressor cascade channel