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Vitamin A and vitamin D3 protect the visual apparatus during the development of dopamine-2 receptor knockout mouse model of Parkinsonism

  • Mujittapha Sirajo Umar EMAIL logo and Badamasi Muhammed Ibrahim
Published/Copyright: June 15, 2023
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine
From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 20 Issue 3

Abstract

Objectives

Dopamine-related movement disorders are associated with a loss of visual acuity. Studies have shown that chemical stimulation of the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) ameliorates movement disorders; however, the chemical stimulation is not effective when there is a deficiency of vitamin A in the cells. In the study, we examine the role of VDR and its interplay with vitamin A in impaired visual function in the dopamine deficit model.

Methods

Thirty (30) male mice with an average weight of 26 g ± (2) were divided into six group (NS,−D2,−D2 + VD D2 + VD, −D2 + VA, −D2 + (VD + VA) and −D2 + D2 groups). Dopamine deficit models of movement disorders were created using 15 mg/kg of haloperidol (−D2) injected intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. In the −D2 + (VD + VA) group, 800 IU/day of vitamin D3 (VD) and 1000 IU/day of vitamin A were concurrently used, while in the −D2 + D2 group, bromocriptine (+D2) was used as the standard treatment of the model. At the end of the treatment phase, the animals were subjected to visual water box test for visual acuity. The level of oxidative stress was measured using Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the retina and visual cortex. The level of cytotoxicity in these tissues was measured using Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, while the structural integrity of these tissues was assessed using a light microscope by assessing slide mounted sections that were stained with haematoxylin and eosin.

Results

A significant decline in time taken to reach the escape platform in the visual water box test was observed in the −D2 (p<0.005) and −D2 + D2 (p<0.05) group. In the retina and the visual cortex, a significant increase in LDH, MDA and the density of degenerating neurons was observed in the −D2 and −D2 + D2 groups. LDH level in the retina was also found to be significantly increased in (−D2 + VD, −D2 + VA, −D2 + (VD + VA). A Significant decrease in SOD was found in the retina and visual cortex of −D2 and −D2 + D2 group. In the histology of the retina, thinning of the retina, retinal fold, distortion and retinal detachment were all seen in the −D2 group. These structural alterations were not seen in other groups. Histological hallmarks of degeneration were observed in the visual cortex of the mice from the −D2 (p<0.001), −D2 + D2 (p<0.005) and −D2 + VD (p<0.05) groups only.

Conclusions

Dopamine-deficient models of movement disorders are associated with loss of visual functions, especially due to thinning of the retina, retinal fold, retinal detachment, and neurodegeneration in the visual cortex. Supplementation during the development of the model with vitamin D3 and vitamin A prevented the deterioration of the retina and visual cortex by reducing the degree of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.

Keywords: movement disorders; retina; visual cortex; visual function; vitamin A; vitamin D3
Corresponding author: Mujittapha Sirajo Umar, M.Sc, Skyline University, Room 06, 2nd floor School of Basic and Medical Sciences (SBMS), Kano, Nigeria; and Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria, Phone: +2348101682449, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review. [Protocol Number: BUK/ANA 0326.].

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Received: 2023-02-28
Accepted: 2023-05-19
Published Online: 2023-06-15

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2023-0053
Keywords for this article
movement disorders; retina; visual cortex; visual function; vitamin A; vitamin D3

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. The effect of lavender on mothers sleep quality in the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  4. The effect of Salvia officinalis on blood glycemic indexes and blood lipid profile in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  5. Neuroprotective potential of Celastrus paniculatus seeds against common neurological ailments: a narrative review
  6. Intuitive and mindful eating to improve physiological health parameters: a short narrative review of intervention studies
  7. Research Articles
  8. Vitamin C supplementation modulates crude oil contaminated water induced gravid uterine impaired contractile mechanism and foetal outcomes in Wistar rats
  9. Acute and sub acute toxicity of Amirdha Gandhi Kukkil Vallathy an effective Siddha herbo mineral formulation used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in wistar albino rat model
  10. Anti-hyperplastic effects of the Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae) leaves aqueous extract on tamoxifen-induced endometrium hyperplasia on Wistar rat
  11. Vitamin A and vitamin D3 protect the visual apparatus during the development of dopamine-2 receptor knockout mouse model of Parkinsonism
  12. Leaf paste of Telfairia occidentalis favourably modulates deleterious effects associated with exposure to diethylnitrosamine in male Wistar rats
  13. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties of Rauwolfia vomitoria extract
  14. Intra-stromal injection of honey-treated keratocytes as a cell-based therapy for experimental corneal laceration
  15. Effect of Annona squamosa leaf extract on human promyelocytic leukemia cells subjected to oxidative stress
  16. Cinnamic acids as promising bioactive compounds for cancer therapy by targeting MAPK3: a computational simulation study
  17. Cowanin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via Bcl-2 signaling pathway
  18. Arq Ajīb – a wonder Unani formulation for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and main protease – an in silico approach
  19. Immediate effect of a meditation technique on blood glucose, state anxiety and relaxation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized crossover study
  20. Effect of moderate intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength and girth in young adults – a randomized control trial
  21. Short Communication
  22. Icosapent ethyl (VASCEPA®) as treatment for post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 (PASC) vaccine induced injury and infection
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