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Profile of sociodemographics, sources of infection, antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre, Indonesia

  • Ellyvina S. Dhini , Antonius Adji P. Setiadi EMAIL logo and Yosi I. Wibowo
Published/Copyright: December 19, 2019
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 30 Issue 6

Abstract

Background

The profile of patients with HIV/AIDS is required to develop appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs in Indonesia. Turen is one of the four sub-districts with the highest number of patients with HIV/AIDS in Malang District, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the sociodemographic profile, sources of infection, use of antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre (PHC).

Methods

The sociodemographic data, antiretroviral use, and CD4 counts were obtained from medical records on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen PHC. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was used to explore the source of infection. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data derived from interviews.

Results

A total of 45 HIV/AIDS outpatient medical records were reviewed. Of those, the majority were females (57.8%), ages 26–35 years (51.1%), married (55.6%) and having income less than 2 million rupiah (73.3%). All of them used a combination of antiretroviral therapy from two classes of antiretrovirals, i.e. nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor; the majority were treated with fixed-dose combination of tenofovir-lamifudin-efavirenz. The CD4 counts data were obtained from 31 patients with an average number of 282 cells/mm3. The qualitative data from interviews with 15 patients revealed that the source of infection was from husband, unsafe/unprotected sex and blood donor.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among young married women and poor control of the disease in Indonesia warrants further considerations. The government should work together with all related stakeholders in raising awareness of HIV/AIDS, particularly among women, as well as improving treatment and support for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Keywords: antiretroviral; HIV/AIDS; Indonesia

Acknowledgment

We thank all the participants who took part in this study as well as the chief and staff from Turen Primary Health Centre, for their technical support in making this study possible.

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: This study has received ethics approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee of the University of Surabaya (number 041/KE/X/2018) and obtained permission from the Malang District Health Office (number 072/3385/35.07.103/2018) in which respondents’ confidentiality were guaranteed on any published data.

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Received: 2019-09-08
Accepted: 2019-11-18
Published Online: 2019-12-19

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0259
Keywords for this article
antiretroviral; HIV/AIDS; Indonesia

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Reviews
  2. Pharmacist contributions in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Southeast Asia: a narrative review
  3. The implementation of a chronic disease management program (Prolanis) in Indonesia: a literature review
  4. Original Articles
  5. Quercetin attenuates acute predator stress exposure-evoked innate fear and behavioral perturbation
  6. Evaluating current practices and policies in the use of injectable medicines for treating myalgia in a primary care center in Pamekasan, Indonesia
  7. The contemporary role and potential of pharmacist contribution for community health using social media
  8. Evaluation of rational drug use based on World Health Organization prescribing indicators in a primary care center in Pamekasan East Java, Indonesia
  9. The prescription patterns of second-generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia outpatient setting
  10. Factors affecting community pharmacist’s service for women with chronic diseases during pregnancy and breastfeeding: application of the Health Belief Model
  11. Overview of therapeutic changes in antiepileptic drugs in adult patients
  12. Exploration of barriers affecting job satisfaction among community pharmacists
  13. Patients’ characteristics and their adherence to insulin therapy
  14. Correlation of chemotherapy costs with quality of life in nasopharyngeal cancer patients
  15. Impact of educational preeclampsia prevention booklet on knowledge and adherence to low dose aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia
  16. Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the quality of well being self-administered questionnaire in general population in Indonesia
  17. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists towards management of hypertension in primary care centers
  18. Medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients at Tanjung Karang Primary Health Care Center, Mataram
  19. Decreasing angiogenesis vasa vasorum through Lp-PLA2 and H2O2 inhibition by PSP from Ganoderma lucidum in atherosclerosis: in vivo diabetes mellitus type 2
  20. Antiaggregation effect of clopidogrel in coronary heart disease patients using omeprazole
  21. The effect of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrizha roxb.) extract as an adjuvant of captopril therapy on cardiac histopathology of male mice (Mus musculus) with hypertension
  22. Coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers as an inducer of the skin fibroblast cell and its irritability test in a mice model
  23. Medical problems in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and their therapy
  24. ADMET properties of novel 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives
  25. Development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model by high-fat diet in rats
  26. Molecular docking of novel 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R mutant EGFR inhibitor
  27. The relationship between the level of education and accuracy of insulin injection techniques in DM patients with measurement of HbA1c values
  28. The effect of premixed insulin to blood glucose concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  29. Intravenous insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemic crisis and intercurrent illness
  30. Adherence behavior assessment of oral antidiabetic medication use: a study of patient decisions in long-term disease management in primary health care centers in Surabaya
  31. Evaluation to the chemotherapy use in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  32. Analysis of the use and cost of stress ulcer prophylaxis for surgical inpatients
  33. Antineuroinflammation activity of n-butanol fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. in microglia HMC3 cell line
  34. The enhancement of Arg1 and activated ERβ expression in microglia HMC3 by induction of 96% ethanol extract of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves
  35. Ternary solid dispersion to improve solubility and dissolution of meloxicam
  36. Improving solubility and dissolution of meloxicam by solid dispersion using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2910 3 cps and nicotinamide
  37. o-Hydroxycinnamic derivatives as prospective anti-platelet candidates: in silico pharmacokinetic screening and evaluation of their binding sites on COX-1 and P2Y12 receptors
  38. The change of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α level in the use of meloxicam in rat model of osteoarthritis
  39. Attenuation of IL-1ß on the use of glucosamine as an adjuvant in meloxicam treatment in rat models with osteoarthritis
  40. Analysis of effectiveness and drug related problems of pain reliever for knee osteoarthritis: weighing clinical risk and benefit
  41. Comparison of antibiotic prescriptions in adults and children with upper respiratory tract infections in Bangka Tengah primary health care centers
  42. Profile of sociodemographics, sources of infection, antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre, Indonesia
  43. Synergistic anti-hepatitis C virus activity of Ruta angustifolia extract with NS3 protein inhibitor
  44. In vitro equivalence of generic and branded amoxicillin tablet by microbiological assay method
  45. Knowledge and attitude: two fundamental factors that determine patient compliance in antibiotic therapy
  46. Molecular docking study of sappan wood extract to inhibit PBP2A enzyme on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  47. Effect of curcumin analogue synthetic product from cullilawan oil for the liver damage treatment in male mice (Mus musculus L.)
  48. Case Report
  49. A case report of generalized tetanus in a 42-year-old man with dental infection
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