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The effect of premixed insulin to blood glucose concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Arina D. Puspitasari EMAIL logo , Hayu Kusuma , Dinda M.N. Ratri , Cahyo Wibisono and Budi Suprapti
Published/Copyright: January 11, 2020
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 30 Issue 6

Abstract

Background

One of the therapies used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease is combination insulin which consists of rapid-acting insulin and intermediate-acting insulin (premixed). This study aimed to examine the profile of premixed insulin related to blood glucose concentration and to identify the drug interactions due to the combination of premixed insulin with other drugs taken by T2DM patients.

Methods

This study was a prospective observational study with cross-sectional data that were analyzed descriptively. The respondents invited were T2DM patients with or without complication or comorbid disease who received premixed insulin with or without a combination of oral antidiabetic therapy in the Outpatient Unit of Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya. The research instruments used are data sheet, patient medical record, and fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentration.

Results

A total of 118 patients received premixed insulin therapy, but only 80 patients were included in the inclusion criteria. Based on types of insulin, the combination of 30% aspart and 70% protamine aspart was used by 91.25% T2DM patients, and a combination of 25% insulin lispro and 75% protamine lispro was used by 8.75% T2DM patients. There were 30.3% of patients who could achieve the target of 80–130 mg/dL in fasting blood glucose concentrations, and 35.1% of patients achieved the target of ≤180 mg/dL in postprandial blood glucose concentration. Drug interactions may occur in patients who use premixed insulin with glimepiride, lisinopril, fenofibrate, candesartan, irbesartan, and gemfibrozil.

Conclusions

In this study, premixed insulin have not reached the target of fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in most patients.

Keywords: blood glucose; combination insulin; intermediate acting insulin; premixed insulin; rapid acting insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Acknowledgments

The author thanks to Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya and Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Airlangga that support this study.

  1. Research funding: This research funded by Universitas Airlangga.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: Research involving human subjects complied with all relevant national regulations, institutional policies and is in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013), and has been approved by the authors' institutional review board.

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Received: 2019-11-12
Accepted: 2019-11-22
Published Online: 2020-01-11

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0342
Keywords for this article
blood glucose; combination insulin; intermediate acting insulin; premixed insulin; rapid acting insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Reviews
  2. Pharmacist contributions in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Southeast Asia: a narrative review
  3. The implementation of a chronic disease management program (Prolanis) in Indonesia: a literature review
  4. Original Articles
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  6. Evaluating current practices and policies in the use of injectable medicines for treating myalgia in a primary care center in Pamekasan, Indonesia
  7. The contemporary role and potential of pharmacist contribution for community health using social media
  8. Evaluation of rational drug use based on World Health Organization prescribing indicators in a primary care center in Pamekasan East Java, Indonesia
  9. The prescription patterns of second-generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia outpatient setting
  10. Factors affecting community pharmacist’s service for women with chronic diseases during pregnancy and breastfeeding: application of the Health Belief Model
  11. Overview of therapeutic changes in antiepileptic drugs in adult patients
  12. Exploration of barriers affecting job satisfaction among community pharmacists
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  16. Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the quality of well being self-administered questionnaire in general population in Indonesia
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  20. Antiaggregation effect of clopidogrel in coronary heart disease patients using omeprazole
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