Abstract
Nanoindentation experiments were performed before and after severe plastic deformation of W–Cu composites at room temperature, 200, and 400 °C. The strains were induced by high-pressure torsion (HPT). For the highest degrees of deformation, a particle size of 10 – 20 nanometer was achieved. The nanohardness of copper increased remarkably with increasing deformation, the hardness of tungsten was enhanced only slightly. A temperature of 400 °C during HPT significantly lowered the Cu hardness, probably recrystallisation during HPT had taken place, the hardness of tungsten, however, kept unaffected. With decreasing particle size, the influence of the adjacent material on the measured properties increased as well as the scatter of hardness and modulus. Proceeding to very small particle and grain sizes, the particles became smaller than the size of the indent. Thus, hardness and modulus values reflected some average over that of pure tungsten and copper.
-
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung under project number P17096-PHY.
References
[1] J.R. Greer, C.O. Warren, W.D. Nix: Acta Mater. 53 (2005) 1821.10.1016/j.actamat.2004.12.031Search in Google Scholar
[2] C. Motz, R. Pippan, T. Schöberl: Acta Mater., in press.Search in Google Scholar
[3] J.S. Stölken, A.G. Evans: Acta Mater. 46 (1998) 5109.10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00153-0Search in Google Scholar
[4] S. Orso, U.G.K. Wegst, C. Eberl, E. Arzt: unpublished (2005).Search in Google Scholar
[5] W.D. Nix, H. Gao: J. Mech. Phys. Sol. 46 (1998) 411.10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00086-0Search in Google Scholar
[6] M. Göken, M. Kempf: Acta Mater. 47 (1999) 1043.10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00377-2Search in Google Scholar
[7] K. Durst, M. Göken: Mat. Sci. Eng. A 387 (2004) 312.10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.079Search in Google Scholar
[8] T. Schöberl, H.S. Gupta, P. Fratzl: Mat. Sci. Eng. A 363 (2003) 211.10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00627-0Search in Google Scholar
[9] T. Schöberl, H.S. Gupta: Z. Metallkd. 94 (2003) 813. 10.3139/146.030813Search in Google Scholar
[10] E. Schafler, K. Simon, S. Bernsdorff, P. Hanak, G. Tichy, T. Ungár, M.J. Zehetbauer: Acta Mater. 53 (2005) 315. 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.025Search in Google Scholar
[11] S.C. Tjong, H. Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng. R 45 (2004) 1. 10.1016/j.mser.2004.07.001Search in Google Scholar
[12] J.C. Kim, I.C.H. Moon: Nanostruct. Mater. 10 (1998) 283. 10.1016/S0965-9773(98)00065-8Search in Google Scholar
[13] J.C. Kim, S.S. Ryu, Y.D. Kim, I.C.H. Moon: Scripta Mater. 39 (1998) 669. 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00232-2Search in Google Scholar
[14] B.K. Kim, C.J. Choi: Scripta Mater. 44 (2001) 2161. 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)00896-XSearch in Google Scholar
[15] I. Sabirov, T. Schöberl, R. Pippan: Scripta Metall., submitted. Search in Google Scholar
[16] R.Z. Valiev, R.K. Islamgaliev, I.V. Alexandrov: Progr. Mater. Sci. 45 (2000) 103. 10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00007-9Search in Google Scholar
[17] M.F. Doerner, W.D. Nix: J. Mater. Res. 1 (1986) 601. 10.1557/JMR.1986.0601Search in Google Scholar
[18] W.C. Oliver, G.M. Pharr: J. Mater. Res. 7 (1992) 1564. 10.1557/JMR.1992.1564Search in Google Scholar
[19] M. Kempf, M. Göken, H. Vehoff: Mat. Sci. Eng. A 329 (2002) 329. 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01561-1Search in Google Scholar
[20] A. Bolshakov, G.M. Pharr: J. Mater. Res. 13 (1998) 1049.10.1557/JMR.1998.0146Search in Google Scholar
© 2005 Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Kösterpreis
- Award/Preisverleihung
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Articles Basic
- Effect of interface strength on electromigration-induced inlaid copper interconnect degradation: Experiment and simulation
- Application of factor analysis in electron spectrometry (AES, XPS) for materials science
- Focussing and defocussing effects at radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy analyses of thin films with partly nonconductive components
- Semi-flexible star-shaped molecules: conformational analysis of nano-segregated mesogens forming columnar liquid-crystal phases
- Articles Applied
- Structure, properties and applications of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering
- Local texture and back-end defect in hot extruded AZ91 magnesium alloy
- A comparison of thermal stability in nanocrystalline Ni- and Co-based materials
- Microstructure and phase formation of Heusler thin film compounds
- Correlation between the average composition of coherent superlattice and the GMR properties of electrodeposited Co–Cu/Cu multilayers
- Articles Basic
- Towards a description of complex pearlite structures
- Modeling of axial strain in free-end torsion of textured copper
- Vacancies in plastically deformed copper
- An analytic and generalized formulation of the sin2 ψ-method
- Nanoindentation applied on a tungsten–copper composite before and after high-pressure torsion
- Articles Applied
- The local deformation behaviour of MMCs – an experimental study
- X-ray elastic constants determined by the combination of sin2 ψ and substrate-curvature methods
- Combining complementary techniques to study precipitates in steels
- Precipitation hardening in Mg–Zn–Sn alloys with minor additions of Ca and Si
- Notifications/Mitteilungen
- Personal
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Kösterpreis
- Award/Preisverleihung
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Articles Basic
- Effect of interface strength on electromigration-induced inlaid copper interconnect degradation: Experiment and simulation
- Application of factor analysis in electron spectrometry (AES, XPS) for materials science
- Focussing and defocussing effects at radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy analyses of thin films with partly nonconductive components
- Semi-flexible star-shaped molecules: conformational analysis of nano-segregated mesogens forming columnar liquid-crystal phases
- Articles Applied
- Structure, properties and applications of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering
- Local texture and back-end defect in hot extruded AZ91 magnesium alloy
- A comparison of thermal stability in nanocrystalline Ni- and Co-based materials
- Microstructure and phase formation of Heusler thin film compounds
- Correlation between the average composition of coherent superlattice and the GMR properties of electrodeposited Co–Cu/Cu multilayers
- Articles Basic
- Towards a description of complex pearlite structures
- Modeling of axial strain in free-end torsion of textured copper
- Vacancies in plastically deformed copper
- An analytic and generalized formulation of the sin2 ψ-method
- Nanoindentation applied on a tungsten–copper composite before and after high-pressure torsion
- Articles Applied
- The local deformation behaviour of MMCs – an experimental study
- X-ray elastic constants determined by the combination of sin2 ψ and substrate-curvature methods
- Combining complementary techniques to study precipitates in steels
- Precipitation hardening in Mg–Zn–Sn alloys with minor additions of Ca and Si
- Notifications/Mitteilungen
- Personal