Editorial

Klaus Wetzig 65 Years

Klaus Wetzig was born in Kreischa on September 7^th 1940. He went to school in Dresden and started to study physics at the Technical University (TU) Dresden in 1958. He decided to stay with the well-established physicist and pioneer in electron microscopy, Alfred Recknagel, for his diploma and doctoral thesis and also for the habilitation. This directed his scientific career, which has always been closely related to Dresden, quite in contrast to many others of his scientific generation who had the possibility to spent part of their time at foreign institutes. This was enforced by the special circumstances due to the political situation in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR).

At Recknagel’s institute he acquired the fundamental insights and gained the relevant knowledge of the research areas which he worked on for his whole scientific career and where he made – over the years – significant contributions. At first, he concentrated on emission electron microscopy. In addition, investigations on microstructural characterization of solid materials were always fascinating for him. For his PhD work he focused on alloys with Laves phases and on the surface structure of very pure iron. Klaus Wetzig soon recognized the importance of in-situ experiments. He both developed instruments to facilitate the experiment and performed the experimental observation. These in-situ methods were particularly focused on the temperature dependence of plastic deformation. During that period of time Gustav Schulze (Dresden) was also his mentor and supporter. The strongest influence, however, came from Alfred Recknagel, who was famous for his rigidity and accuracy in the evaluation and rating of scientific results. A sound basis of the results was of utmost importance for Recknagel and Klaus Wetzig followed this guideline throughout his scientific career.

During his time as assistant and senior assistant he supervised seminars, diploma, and doctoral theses and taught courses on electron microscopy. He successfully conveyed Recknagel's approach to research to numerous generations of younger scientists.

Owing to the political situation in the former GDR Klaus Wetzig was not allowed to stay at the TU Dresden and to become a professor after his habilitation in 1975. Therefore, he entered the “Zentralinstitut für Festkörperphysik und Werkstofforschung (ZFW)” of the Academy of Sciences and became head of the department for structural analysis after a short time. The main research fields included (electron-)microscopic methods, micro-analysis, and X-ray structural analysis. He was able to continue teaching at the TU Dresden and to supervise diploma and doctoral theses. Now, the main focus of his work was on scanning electron microscopy, especially in combination with in-situ testing of the mechanical properties and the influence of laser irradiation. These activities opened new possibilities for the ZFW in materials preparation and research. Wetzig also headed remarkable methodical developments in transmission electron microscopy. The materials science issues covered plasticity of alloys, characterisation and modifications of ultra hard layers, and crystalline or amorphous metallic alloys.

In the years after the political changes in 1990 parts of the ZFW were converted to the “Institut für Festkörper-und Werkstofforschung Dresden (IFW Dresden)”, initially an institution of the “Blaue Liste” and later transferred to the Leibniz Society as “Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden”. Wetzig was appointed a Director of the “Institute for Solid State Analysis and Structural Research (IFS)” within the IFW Dresden in 1993. At the same time he became Professor for “Festkörperanalyse und Strukturforschung” at the TU Dresden. In this position Klaus Wetzig was able to provide the basic conditions and the motivation for research with great personal commitment. With new and better equipment it was possible to perform advanced electron-microscopic, electron- and ion-spectroscopic, X-ray spectroscopic, and chemical investigations. Recently his research focuses on thin films and components for microelectronic devices. Examples are electro- and acousto-migration in microelectronic devices and the damaging mechanisms. Also close collaborations with the semiconductor industry in Dresden were established.

An important part of Klaus Wetzig is the strong support and encouragement of his staff-members and students. He successfully supervised about 50 doctoral theses. An important basis for the good atmosphere were the annual meetings of the PhD-students (which he initiated at the IFW) where solely students report on their results and are guided and motivated by the remarks of the colleagues and staff scientists. Apart from the technical aspects those meetings always fulfilled an important social component, which led to a friendly, yet very productive working atmosphere.

More than 280 publications and 100 invited talks demonstrate Wetzig’s fruitful scientific work. As a result of many years of basic and applied scientific research he edited the book “In situ scanning electron microscopy in materials research” together with Dietrich Schulze (published in 1995). Important results of recent investigations on micro- and nanostructured devices are collected in the book “Metal based thin films for electronics” which he edited together with C. M. Schneider in 2003. Important parts of this book were written by Klaus Wetzig and members of his group. In addition to his achievements as editor and author of scientific publications Klaus Wetzig has also actively participated in more than 25 patents. Furthermore he has held many honorary positions in referee and editorial boards as well as in organization committees and advisory boards of scientific conferences.

In honor of his scientific achievements and as a reward of his establishment and continuous support of international research co-operations he was awarded the title “Dr. h. c.” by the Slowak University of Technology in Bratislava in 2004.

Thomas Gemming and Hans-Dietrich Bauer, Dresden

Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Hein Peter Stüwe zum 75. Geburtstag

Hein Peter Stüwe wurde im Jahre 1930 in Königsberg, Ostpreußen geboren. Die Schulzeit verbrachte er u. a. in Dresden, Glauchau/Sachsen und Neukirchen/Treysa. Nach dem Abitur begann er 1949 sein Studium an der Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen und befasste sich neben der Physik auch mit Jura, Betriebswirtschaftslehre und Theologie. Die Liebe zur Metallphysik entdeckte er bereits als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft am Institut für Metallkunde bei Prof. Georg Masing, wo er 1955 sein Studium mit der Promotion zum Dr. rer. nat. mit einer Arbeit über ,,Textur und Zipfelbildung an Aluminiumblechen“ erfolgreich abschloss. Im Jahre 1956 ging er als junger Postdoc in die USA, um als Research Associate an der University of Illinois in Urbana wissenschaftlich zu arbeiten. Dies war der Beginn einer Vielzahl von erfolgreichen internationalen Gastaufenthalten, die sein wissenschaftliches Wirken stark geprägt haben. 1958 kehrte er nach Deutschland zurück und begann seine Universitätslaufbahn als Assistent an der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen am Institut für Allgemeine Metallkunde und Metallphysik bei Prof. Kurt Lücke. Er beschäftigte sich mit Vielkristallplastizität, Rekristallisation und den metallkundlichen Aspekten technischer Formgebungsverfahren. Diese Arbeiten führten schließlich zur Habilitation für das Lehrgebiet ,,Allgemeine Metallkunde und Metallphysik“ im Jahre 1961. Hein Peter Stüwe blieb bis 1966 als Dozent an der RWTH Aachen. In diese Zeit fiel auch ein Forschungsauftrag, der ihn als ,,Field Expert“ der UNESCO von 1962 bis 1963 nach Kolumbien führte. Er betreute dort die Fakultät für Hüttenwesen der Universidad Industrial de Santander in Bucaramanga. Von 1966 bis 1967 weilte er im Rahmen eines Forschungsaufenthaltes in Japan, am Kinsei Ken, Tokyo, Nakamaguro. 1967 wurde er als o. Prof. an die Technische Universität Braunschweig berufen, als Direktor des Institutes für Werkstoffkunde und Herstellungsverfahren und des Wöhler Instituts für Festigkeits- und Schwingungsuntersuchungen. Von 1968 bis 1969 war er als Gastprofessor am Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Indien und auch Veranstalter zweier Sommerkurse an der Ingenieurs-Fakultät der Universität von Navarra in San Sebastian, Spanien.

Im Jahre 1971 nahm Hein Peter Stüwe den Ruf an die damalige Montanistische Hochschule (später Montanuniversität) in Leoben, Österreich an, um als o. Professor das neu geschaffene Institut für Metallphysik und das gleichzeitig gegründete Erich Schmid Institut für Festkörperphysik der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu leiten. Er stellte sich der Herausforderung, zwei neue Institute aufzubauen, mit großer Hingabe. Seine vielfältigen wissenschaftlichen Interessen ermöglichten es ihm, die Ausrichtung der Arbeitsgebiete auf eine breite Basis zu stellen. Sie reichten von der Verformung von ein- und mehrphasigen Legierungen, über Rekristallisation, Diffusion und Segregation bis zum Bruch in den Verformungsstadien IV und V.

Viele seiner Arbeiten haben in der Materialwissenschaft tiefe Spuren hinterlassen. Erwähnt seien hier etwa eine Theorie über die Behinderung der Korngrenzenbewegung durch Verunreinigungen, Modelle zur dynamischen Erholung und zur dynamischen Rekristallisation, wie auch entscheidende Anstöße auf dem Gebiet der Ermüdung (low cycle fatigue) und des duktilen Bruchs (Abschätzung der Zähigkeit aus der Morphologie der Bruchfläche).

Auch während seines Wirkens in Leoben pflegte Hein Peter Stüwe, der in vielen Sprachen zu Hause ist, intensive internationale Kontakte. 1983 erhielt er ein Stipendium der Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences und ging im Rahmen eines Forschungsfreisemesters erneut nach Japan, an das Department of Precision Engineering, Department of Physics der Universität von Osaka und an das Department of Mechanical Engineering der Universität von Kyoto. 1986 war er als Gastprofessor an der Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spanien und 2000 erhielt er eine Einladung als Gastprofessor an die Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola Politécnica Sao Paulo, Brasilien. Von 1978 bis 1984 leitete Hein Peter Stüwe als Prärektor, Rektor und Prorektor die Geschicke der Montanuniversität Leoben, wo er im Jahre 1996 schließlich emeritierte.

Seine fruchtbare wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit schlägt sich nicht nur in zahlreichen Publikationen in Fachzeitschriften nieder, er ist auch als Autor und Mitautor von Fachbüchern hervorgetreten. Die Anerkennung in der internationalen wissenschaftlichen Welt wird nicht allein durch verschiedene Gastprofessuren offenbar, sondern auch durch zahlreiche Preise und Ehrungen, die ihm zuteil wurden. 1966 erhielt er den Masing-Gedächtnis-Preis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Metallkunde, 1974 erfolgte seine Wahl zum korrespondierenden Mitglied der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, seit 1975 ist er Mitglied von Wissenschaftsrat und Verwaltungsrat des CISM (Centre International des Sciences Méchaniques). Von 1977 bis 1978 gehörte der dem Vorstand der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft an. 1985 wurde ihm die Ehrendoktorwürde der Universität für Schwerindustrie in Miskolc, Ungarn verliehen und 1989 das Ehrenkreuz der Republik Österreich für Wissenschaft und Kunst erster Klasse. 1990 wurde er zum Fellow von ASM International (American Society of Materials) gewählt.

Was Hein Peter Stüwe in besonderem Maße auszeichnet, ist sein untrüglicher Blick für das Wesentliche und seine Fähigkeit, selbst komplexe Zusammenhänge in einfacher und verständlicher Weise darzustellen, eine Eigenschaft, die Studenten und Kollegen gleichermaßen an ihm schätzen. Dem aufmerksamen Zuhörer kann dabei nicht entgehen, dass, in wohldosierter Weise, stets auch ein Quäntchen Humor in seine Ausführungen einfließt. Sein aufgeschlossenes Denken und seine Bereitschaft, auch unorthodoxen Ideen eine Chance zu geben, machen ihn zum geschätzten Gesprächs- und Diskussionspartner. Dass er sich gerne jeder intellektuellen Herausforderung stellt wird auch eindrucksvoll durch die Verleihung des Meistergrades Sho-Dan im japanischen Go-Spiel bestätigt, die ihm während eines seiner Aufenthalte in Japan zuteil wurde, eine Auszeichnung, die er mit nur wenigen Nicht-Japanern teilt.

Auch nach seiner Emeritierung ist Hein Peter Stüwe der Wissenschaft treu geblieben und widmet sich mit ungebrochener Schaffenskraft einem Forschungsgebiet, das ihm besonders ans Herz gewachsen ist, der Hochverformungsplastizität. Er ist nach wie vor täglich am Institut anzutreffen und sein wissenschaftlicher Rat wird von seinen Kollegen sehr geschätzt.

Hein Peter Stüwe begeht nun am 14. September seinen 75. Geburtstag. Wir wünschen ihm aus diesem Anlass alles Gute für seine vielfältigen wissenschaftlichen und privaten Aktivitäten, Gesundheit und noch viele Lebensjahre, um im Kreise seiner Familie die Dinge, die ihm wichtig und lieb geworden sind, auch weiterhin unbeschwert genießen zu können.

G. Dehm und W. Prantl, Leoben

Hein Peter Stüwe was born in 1930 in Königsberg, East Prussia. After his primary and secondary schooling in Dresden, Glachau/Saxony and Neukirchen/Treysa, he began his studies at the Georg-August University in Göttingen. There he studied physics, as well as law, economics and theology. He discovered his passion for metallurgy as a research assistant at the Institut für Metallkunde with Prof. Georg Masing, where he successfully completed his doctoral studies and his dissertation on “Texture and Earing Behaviour of Aluminium Sheets” in 1955. The following year, he went to the USA to work as a research associate at the University of Illinois in Urbana. This marked the beginning of a successful tradition of international visits that strongly influenced his scientific work. In 1958 Hein Peter Stüwe returned to Germany and began his academic career as a research associate at the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen at the Institut für Allgemeine Metallkunde und Metallphysik under the guidance of Prof. Kurt Lücke. In 1961 he was awarded the venia legendi in the field of Allgemeine Metallkunde und Metallphysik with a thesis on “Metallurgical Basis for the Theory of Technical Deformation Processes”. Hein Peter Stüwe remained as assistant professor at the RWTH until 1966. During this period, he served as a UNESCO field expert in Columbia, where he advised the Department of Metallurgical Engineering at the Universidad Industrial de Santander in Bucaramanga from 1962 to 1963. From 1966 to 1967 he was a research visitor in Japan at the Kinsei Ken, Tokyo, Nakamaguro. In 1967 he was granted full professorship at the Technische Universität Braunschweig as head of the Institut für Werkstoffkunde und Herstellungsverfahren and as director of the Wöhler Institut für Festigkeits- und Schwingungsuntersuchungen. From 1968 to 1969 he was a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India and director of two summer courses at the Engineering Department of the University of Nabarra at San Sebastian, Spain.

In 1971 Hein Peter Stüwe was appointed as Professor at the Montanistische Hochschule (now the University of Leoben), Austria, and became head of the Institut für Metallphysik and of the Erich Schmid Institut für Festkörperphysik of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, both of which were newly founded at that time. With great enthusiasm, he took up the challenge of establishing these two new institutes. The great variety of his scientific interests enabled him to initiate a broad range of research activities ranging from the deformation of single- and multiphase alloys, to recrystallization, diffusion and segregation, and to fracture in the deformation regimes IV and V.

Many of his scientific contributions have had significant impact in materials science. For instance, his theory of the impediment of grain boundary motion by impurities, models of dynamic recovery and recrystallization, as well as stimulating insights into low-cycle fatigue and ductile fracture (estimation of toughness from the morphology of the fracture surface).

Hein Peter Stüwe, familiar with many languages, also cultivated strong international contacts during his time in Leoben. In 1983 he was awarded a scholarship by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences which took him to Japan, for another extended stay, at the Department of Precision Engineering, Department of Physics of the University of Osaka and at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Kyoto. In 1986 he was a guest professor at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, and in 2000 he accepted an invitation as a guest professor at the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola Politécnica Sao Paulo, Brazil. From 1978 to 1984 Hein Peter Stüwe governed the Montanuniversität of Leoben as “Prärektor, Rektor and Prorektor”. In 1996, Hein Peter Stüwe retired.

His prolific scientific activities are reflected not only by numerous research papers but also by his authorship and co-authorship of several books. Recognition by the international scientific community has been expressed through invitations as guest professor as well as an impressive number of awards and memberships in prestigious organisations. In 1966 he received the Masing-Gedächtnis-Preis of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Metallkunde, and in 1974 he was elected a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Since 1975, he has been a member of the scientific board and the administrative board of CISM (Centre International des Sciences Méchaniques). From 1977 to 1978 he was a member of the executive committee of the Österreichische Physikalische Gesellschaft. In 1985 he received the doctor honoris causae of the University in Miskolcz, Hungary. In 1989 he was granted the Ehrenkreuz der Republik Österreich für Wissenschaft und Kunst erster Klasse. In 1990 he was elected fellow of ASM International (American Society of Materials).

What distinguishes Hein Peter Stüwe is his reliable intuition for the essence of a problem and his ability to explain even very complex physical relationships in a clear and comprehensive manner, which is appreciated by both students and colleagues. The attentive listener will notice a slight but appropriate dose of humour in his statements. His open-minded thinking and his readiness to discuss unconventional ideas make him a valued partner in discussion. He also embraces intellectual challenge, as evidenced by the impressive fact that he was awarded the master degree of Sho-Dan for the Japanese game “Go” (a degree that he shares with a select few non-Japanese people).

Retirement could not diminish Hein Peter Stüwe’s scientific engagement, which he enthusiastically continues in a field of research he has grown to love, namely high-deformation plasticity. As in the past, he is at the institute nearly every day and his scientific advice is highly appreciated by his colleagues.

On September 14^th, Hein Peter Stüwe will celebrate his 75^th birthday. On this occasion, we would like to extend our best wishes for his future activities, both personal and scientific, and wish him many more years of health and happiness so that he may enjoy, in the bosom of his family, that which is precious to him.

G. Dehm and W. Prantl, Leoben