Startseite Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review
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Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review

  • Ningning Lu ORCID logo und Donglai Xie ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 22. Dezember 2015
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Band 14 Heft 1

Abstract

Membrane reactors are attracting increasing attention for ultrapure hydrogen production from fossil fuel, integrating catalytic reaction and separation processes into one single unit thus can realize the removal of hydrogen or introduction of reactant in situ, which removes the thermodynamic bottleneck and improves hydrogen yield and selectivity. In this review, the state-of-the-art concepts for hydrogen production through membrane reactors are introduced, mainly including fixed bed membrane reactors, fluidized bed membrane reactors, and micro-channel membrane reactors, referring higher hydrocarbons as feedstock, such as ethanol, propane, or heptane; novel heating methods, like solar energy realized through molten salt; new modular designs, including panel and tubular configurations; ultra-compact micro-channel designs; carbon dioxide capture with chemical looping; multifuel processors for liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons; etc. Recent developments and commercialization hurdles for each type of membrane reactor are summarized. Modeling the reactor is fundamental to explore complex hydrodynamics in reactor systems, meaningful to investigate the effects of some important operating factors on reactor performances. Researches for reactor modeling are also discussed. Reaction kinetics for hydrocarbons reforming and reactor hydrodynamics are summarized respectively. Cold model is introduced to investigate physical phenomena in reactors.

Keywords: membrane reactor; hydrocarbon reforming; hydrogen production; reactor modeling

Funding statement: Funding: Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant/Award Number: “20130172110011”); China Scholarship Council (Grant/Award Number: “201406150038”); Guangdong Scientific Development Program (Grant/Award Number: “2013B010405001”).

Acknowledgements

Financial supports from the Guangdong Scientific Development Program (project # 2013B010405001), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (project # 20130172110011), and China Scholarship Council are gratefully acknowledged.

Nomenclature

Latin symbols

Ar

Archimedes number, –

Ai

Arrhenius pre-exponential factor, units depend on the reactions

Cep

Membrane permeation capacity (ratio of membrane surface area to thickness), [km]

C0

Initial concentration of CH4, [mol m–3]

Ceq

Equilibrium concentration, [mol m–3]

Csj

Concentration of active sites on the surface for jth reaction, [mol m−2]

Deff

Effectivity diffusion coefficient of hydrogen, [m2 s−1]

dp

Average particle diameter, [m]

Eact,Pv

Activation energy for the perovskite membrane, [J mol–1]

Eact,I

Activation energy for ith reaction, [J mol–1]

Ep

Activation energy for permeation, [J mol–1]

g

Gravity acceleration rate, [m s–2]

Gp core

Solids circulation flux in the core area of reactor [kg m–2 s–1]

k

Pre-exponential factor, [mol km–1 h–1 Pa–0.5]

ki

Reaction rate for ith reaction, [mol s–1]

Kia(b)

Equilibrium constants for reversible reactions, –

L0

Reactor length, [m]

L

Reactor bed length, [m]

n

Pressure order for membrane permeation, –

nmol

moles in a conventional flow reactor, –

NRep

Particle Reynolds number, –

O/C

Oxygen to carbon ratio, –

P

Reactor pressure, [Pa]

Pe

Pecklet number, –

Pm,Pv0

Permeability of the perovskite membrane, [mol cm–1 s–1 K–1]

PMH2

Hydrogen partial pressures in membrane permeate side, [Pa]

PO2,f

Partial pressure of O2 in the feed side, [Pa]

PO2,p

Partial pressure of O2 in the permeate side, [Pa]

PRH2

Hydrogen partial pressures in reactor side, [Pa]

QH2

Hydrogen permeation rate, [mol h–1]

QO2

Oxygen flux through a membrane, [mol cm–2 s–1]

r

Reaction rate in Table 2, [mol s–1]

rr

Reaction rate in membrane reactor for IE 2, [mol g−1 s−1]

R

Gas constant, [J mol−1 K−1]

R1

Inner radius of the reactor, [m]

R2

Inner radius of the membrane tube, [m]

Re

Reynolds number, –

Sg

Surface area of catalyst, [m2 kg−1]

S/C

Steam to carbon ratio, –

T

Temperature, [K]

tm,Pv

Perovskite membrane thickness, [m]

u

Reactant velocity, [m s−1]

U

Superficial gas velocity, [m s−1]

Ucore

Superficial gas velocity in core area of the reactor, [m s−1]

Umf

Minimum fluidization velocity, [m s−1]

x

Distance in axial direction of reactor bed, [m]

X

Molar fraction of each component, –

Greek letters

μ

Fluid viscosity, [Pa s]

ρ

Fluid density, [kg m−3]

ρf

Gas density, [kg m−3]

ρp

Particle density, [kg m−3]

θ

Tapered bed angle, [°]

ΔC

Concentration difference of H2, [mol m−3]

Δρ

Density difference between fluid and solid, [kg m−3]

ΔHo298

Enthalpy change, [kJ mol−1]

ΔGi

Gibbs free energy for ith reaction, [mol s–1]

Abbreviations

ATR

Autothermal reforming

CLC

Chemical looping combustion

CLR

Chemical looping reforming

CSTR

Continuously ideally stirred tank reactor

DIA

Digital image analysis

FBMR

Fluidized bed membrane reactor

ICFBMR

Internally circulating fluidized bed membrane reactor

MA-CLR

Membrane-assisted chemical looping reforming

MFBMR

Micro-structured fluidized bed membrane reactor

PSA

Pressure swing adsorption

PIV

Particle image velocimetry

SMR

Steam methane reforming

TCD

Thermal conductivity detector

TCTMR

Thermally coupled two-membrane reactor

TMAFBR

Tapered membrane-assisted fluidized bed reactor

WGS

Water gas shift

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Published Online: 2015-12-22
Published in Print: 2016-2-1

©2016 by De Gruyter

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review
  4. Research Articles
  5. Modeling and Simulation Study of an Industrial Radial Moving Bed Reactor for Propane Dehydrogenation Process
  6. Oxidative Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Medium Catalyzed by Lab Prepared Nickel Hydroxide
  7. CFD Modelling of a Hollow Fibre Membrane for CO2 Removal by Aqueous Amine Solutions of MEA, DEA and MDEA
  8. Performance Study of a Thermally Double Coupled Multi-Tubular Reactor by Considering the Effect of Flow Type Patterns
  9. Radiative Three-Dimensional Flow with Chemical Reaction
  10. Three-Phase Model of a Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Reactor for Polyethylene Synthesis
  11. Study on the Effect of Nickel Doping on Mo-Bi Based Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Isobutene to Methacrolein
  12. DM Water Plant Sedimentation as a Cheap and Waste Source of Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
  13. Recovery of Biogas from Meat Industry Wastewater Using Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR): Modeling and Optimization
  14. Comparison of CFD Simulation and Simplified Modeling of a Fluidized Bed CO2 Capture Reactor
  15. Kinetic Study for Platinum Extraction from Spent Catalyst in Cyanide Solution at High Temperatures
  16. Hydroisomerization of Biomass Derived n-Hexadecane Towards Diesel Pool: Effect of Selective Removal External Surface Sites from Pt/ZSM-22
  17. Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity Effects on Casson Flow and Heat Transfer due to an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation
  18. Optimization of Nickel Chemical Extraction from Hazardous Residue
  19. Green Approach for Biodiesel Production from Jojoba Oil Supported by Process Modeling and Simulation
  20. Differentiating Process Performance of Various Coagulants in Removal of Congo red and Orange G Dyes
  21. CFD Simulation of Hydrodynamic of a Bubble Column Reactor Operating in Churn-Turbulent Regime and Effect of Gas Inlet Distribution on System Characteristics
  22. Transformation of Phenolic Compounds by Fe(III) in the Aqueous Solution in Dark and Under Irradiation
  23. Transient Predictive Model for Dynamic Analysis, Kinetic Study, and Reactor Design of Triglycerides Transesterification to Biodiesel
  24. Screening of Alternative Carbon Sources for Recombinant Protein Production in Pichia pastoris
  25. Optimization of a Large Scale Industrial Reactor Towards Tailor Made Polymers Using Genetic Algorithm
  26. Model of Reactive Transport within a Light Photocatalytic Textile
  27. Preparation of Chitosan based Nanofibers: Optimization and Modeling
  28. Adsorption of As (III) on Iron Coated Quartz Sand: Influence of Temperature on the Equilibrium Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Isosteric Heat of Adsorption Analysis
  29. Resistance Characteristics of Coal Slime in Pipe Flow at High Pressure
  30. Activity Comparison of Acidic Resins in the Production of Valuable Glycerol Acetates
  31. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene using Multifunctional Initiators in a Batch Reactor: A Comprehensive Mathematical Model
  32. An Effective Reaction Rate Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with High Intra-Particle Diffusion Resistance
  33. Heart-Like Micro-Flow Mixer
  34. Hydrogen Production by Hydrolysis of NaBH4 with Cr-Ni-W-B Catalyst: Effects of Cold Plasma and Chromium Content
  35. Prediction of Reactivity Ratios in Free Radical Copolymerization from Monomer Resonance–Polarity (Q–e) Parameters: Genetic Programming-Based Models
  36. Steady-State Modeling of Pt-Catalyzed H2 Combustion in a Monolithic Reactor: From Micro- to Macro-kinetics
  37. Premixed Methanol–Air Combustion Characteristics in a Mini-scale Catalytic Combustor
  38. Kinetic Modeling of VOC Photocatalytic Degradation Using a Process at Different Reactor Configurations and Scales
  39. Improvement of Activated Sludge Process Using a Nonlinear PI Controller Design via Adaptive Gain
  40. Modeling and Simulation of a Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier for the Gasification of High Ash Indian Coal Using Eulerian Granular Approach
  41. Performance of a Catalytic Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Reactor in the Presence of Interparticle Forces
  42. Mathematical Modeling of Biodiesel Production under Intense Agitation
  43. Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Reactor (EAASR) for Removal of Nitrobenzene: Air Stripped or Biologically Removed?
  44. CFD Modeling of Algae Flash Pyrolysis in the Batch Fluidized Bed Reactor Including Heat Carrier Particles
  45. A Robust Extended State Observer for the Estimation of Concentration and Kinetics in a CSTR
  46. Dynamic Modeling of CATOFIN® Fixed-Bed Iso-Butane Dehydrogenation Reactor for Operational Optimization
  47. Effect of Biomass Compositions on Combustion Kinetic Parameters using Response Surface Methodology
  48. Short Communications
  49. Discussions on Particle Flux Measurement in Gas-Solids Risers
  50. Use of New Regeneration Processes for Thermolabile Amines
  51. Oxidative-Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel by Dimethyl Sulfoxide and ZnCl2 Based Ionic Liquid
  52. Corrigendum
  53. Corrigendum to: Performance Analysis of Immobilized Enzyme Semifluidised Bed Bioreactors
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0050
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
membrane reactor; hydrocarbon reforming; hydrogen production; reactor modeling

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review
  4. Research Articles
  5. Modeling and Simulation Study of an Industrial Radial Moving Bed Reactor for Propane Dehydrogenation Process
  6. Oxidative Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Medium Catalyzed by Lab Prepared Nickel Hydroxide
  7. CFD Modelling of a Hollow Fibre Membrane for CO2 Removal by Aqueous Amine Solutions of MEA, DEA and MDEA
  8. Performance Study of a Thermally Double Coupled Multi-Tubular Reactor by Considering the Effect of Flow Type Patterns
  9. Radiative Three-Dimensional Flow with Chemical Reaction
  10. Three-Phase Model of a Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Reactor for Polyethylene Synthesis
  11. Study on the Effect of Nickel Doping on Mo-Bi Based Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Isobutene to Methacrolein
  12. DM Water Plant Sedimentation as a Cheap and Waste Source of Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
  13. Recovery of Biogas from Meat Industry Wastewater Using Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR): Modeling and Optimization
  14. Comparison of CFD Simulation and Simplified Modeling of a Fluidized Bed CO2 Capture Reactor
  15. Kinetic Study for Platinum Extraction from Spent Catalyst in Cyanide Solution at High Temperatures
  16. Hydroisomerization of Biomass Derived n-Hexadecane Towards Diesel Pool: Effect of Selective Removal External Surface Sites from Pt/ZSM-22
  17. Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity Effects on Casson Flow and Heat Transfer due to an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation
  18. Optimization of Nickel Chemical Extraction from Hazardous Residue
  19. Green Approach for Biodiesel Production from Jojoba Oil Supported by Process Modeling and Simulation
  20. Differentiating Process Performance of Various Coagulants in Removal of Congo red and Orange G Dyes
  21. CFD Simulation of Hydrodynamic of a Bubble Column Reactor Operating in Churn-Turbulent Regime and Effect of Gas Inlet Distribution on System Characteristics
  22. Transformation of Phenolic Compounds by Fe(III) in the Aqueous Solution in Dark and Under Irradiation
  23. Transient Predictive Model for Dynamic Analysis, Kinetic Study, and Reactor Design of Triglycerides Transesterification to Biodiesel
  24. Screening of Alternative Carbon Sources for Recombinant Protein Production in Pichia pastoris
  25. Optimization of a Large Scale Industrial Reactor Towards Tailor Made Polymers Using Genetic Algorithm
  26. Model of Reactive Transport within a Light Photocatalytic Textile
  27. Preparation of Chitosan based Nanofibers: Optimization and Modeling
  28. Adsorption of As (III) on Iron Coated Quartz Sand: Influence of Temperature on the Equilibrium Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Isosteric Heat of Adsorption Analysis
  29. Resistance Characteristics of Coal Slime in Pipe Flow at High Pressure
  30. Activity Comparison of Acidic Resins in the Production of Valuable Glycerol Acetates
  31. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene using Multifunctional Initiators in a Batch Reactor: A Comprehensive Mathematical Model
  32. An Effective Reaction Rate Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with High Intra-Particle Diffusion Resistance
  33. Heart-Like Micro-Flow Mixer
  34. Hydrogen Production by Hydrolysis of NaBH4 with Cr-Ni-W-B Catalyst: Effects of Cold Plasma and Chromium Content
  35. Prediction of Reactivity Ratios in Free Radical Copolymerization from Monomer Resonance–Polarity (Q–e) Parameters: Genetic Programming-Based Models
  36. Steady-State Modeling of Pt-Catalyzed H2 Combustion in a Monolithic Reactor: From Micro- to Macro-kinetics
  37. Premixed Methanol–Air Combustion Characteristics in a Mini-scale Catalytic Combustor
  38. Kinetic Modeling of VOC Photocatalytic Degradation Using a Process at Different Reactor Configurations and Scales
  39. Improvement of Activated Sludge Process Using a Nonlinear PI Controller Design via Adaptive Gain
  40. Modeling and Simulation of a Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier for the Gasification of High Ash Indian Coal Using Eulerian Granular Approach
  41. Performance of a Catalytic Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Reactor in the Presence of Interparticle Forces
  42. Mathematical Modeling of Biodiesel Production under Intense Agitation
  43. Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Reactor (EAASR) for Removal of Nitrobenzene: Air Stripped or Biologically Removed?
  44. CFD Modeling of Algae Flash Pyrolysis in the Batch Fluidized Bed Reactor Including Heat Carrier Particles
  45. A Robust Extended State Observer for the Estimation of Concentration and Kinetics in a CSTR
  46. Dynamic Modeling of CATOFIN® Fixed-Bed Iso-Butane Dehydrogenation Reactor for Operational Optimization
  47. Effect of Biomass Compositions on Combustion Kinetic Parameters using Response Surface Methodology
  48. Short Communications
  49. Discussions on Particle Flux Measurement in Gas-Solids Risers
  50. Use of New Regeneration Processes for Thermolabile Amines
  51. Oxidative-Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel by Dimethyl Sulfoxide and ZnCl2 Based Ionic Liquid
  52. Corrigendum
  53. Corrigendum to: Performance Analysis of Immobilized Enzyme Semifluidised Bed Bioreactors
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