CFD Modeling of Algae Flash Pyrolysis in the Batch Fluidized Bed Reactor Including Heat Carrier Particles
-
Salar Azizi
and
Dariush Mowla
Abstract
The algae biomass is one of the potential biomass resources for extracting lipid to produce fuel. The off grade or residuals of dehydrated algae particles can be used in pyrolysis reactions to produce fuel or useful chemicals. Due to higher ash contents of algae biomass, pyrolysis process needs an appropriate design of pyrolysis reactor. The heating rate of algae biomass is a key factor for increasing of bio-oil production rate. Instead of heat transfer from reactor walls to the biomass, heated inert particles are added to the conventional fluidized bed reactor to increase heat transfer rate and yield of the bio-oil as called flash pyrolysis. The introduced pyrolysis reaction in the novel heating method of fluidized bed reactor studied numerically. For this purpose, an Eulerian-Eulerian CFD model utilized for modeling of the dehydrated algae pyrolysis in the fluidized bed reactor. The appropriate reaction rate of the algae pyrolysis is based on the heating rate, temperature sensitive activation energy and the reaction selectivity utilized to the algae pyrolysis. In addition, the segregation and density change of the biomass particles investigated in the CFD modeling to analysis mixing of the particles and corresponding heat transfer between the mixed particles. The validation of the CFD model investigated using results of prepared experimental setup.
Nomenclature
Single particle drag function.
Coefficient of friction for solids phases l and m.
- Cp
Heat capacity, j/(mol. K).
The rate of strain tensor, s−1.
The diameter of the particles constituting the mth solids phase, m
Coefficient of restitution for the collisions of mth and lth solids phases.
Coefficient for the interphase force between the fluid phase and the mth solids phase, kg/(m3s).
Coefficient for the interphase force between the lthand the mth solids phase, kg/(m3.s).
Acceleration due to gravity, m/s2
Radial distribution function at contact.
- H
Solids bed height, m
- I
Momentum transfer between phases, N.m−3.
- k
Conductivity; j.m−1.K−1.
- Mw
Molecular Weight, kg.kg−1.mol−1.
- n
Number density of particles, m−3; reaction order.
- N
Total number of chemical species at each phase.
- Nu
Nusselt number.
- Pr
Prandel number.
- P
Pressure, pa.
- R
Ideal gas constant, j.mol−1.K−1
- Re
Reynolds number.
- Rgsm
Mass transfer between gas and solid phase. kg.m−2.s−1.
- r’
Reaction rate, kg.m−3. s−1.
- S
Solids phase-m stress tensor, Pa.
- t
Time, s.
- T
Temperature, K.
- V
velocity, m.s−1.
- X
Mass fraction.
- y
Distance from bottom of the pyrolysis reactor, m.
- Y
Mole fraction.
Greek letters
- α
Volume fraction; conversion fraction of algae biomass.
- β
Heating rate; K.s−1.
- φ
Angle coefficient of particles friction.
- γ
Interphase heat transfer coefficient, j.mol−1.K−1.
- μ
Molecular viscosity of the fluid phase; kg.m−1.s−1.
- ν
Stoichiometric coefficient of products.
- ρ
Density, kg.m−3.
Granular temperature of phase-m, m2.s−2.
- ΔH
Heat of reaction, j.mol−1.
Superscripts
- *
Particles at the maximum packing.
- 0
Without interphase mass transfer.
- P
Plastic flow regime of particles.
- V
Viscous flow regime of particles.
Subscripts
- 0
Initial condition.
- AB
Algae biomass.
- BO
Bio-oil.
- f
Final condition.
- g
Gas phase.
- G
Non-condensable gaseous products.
- ms
Solid phases.
- n
Chemical spices index.
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©2016 by De Gruyter
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review
- Research Articles
- Modeling and Simulation Study of an Industrial Radial Moving Bed Reactor for Propane Dehydrogenation Process
- Oxidative Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Medium Catalyzed by Lab Prepared Nickel Hydroxide
- CFD Modelling of a Hollow Fibre Membrane for CO2 Removal by Aqueous Amine Solutions of MEA, DEA and MDEA
- Performance Study of a Thermally Double Coupled Multi-Tubular Reactor by Considering the Effect of Flow Type Patterns
- Radiative Three-Dimensional Flow with Chemical Reaction
- Three-Phase Model of a Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Reactor for Polyethylene Synthesis
- Study on the Effect of Nickel Doping on Mo-Bi Based Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Isobutene to Methacrolein
- DM Water Plant Sedimentation as a Cheap and Waste Source of Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
- Recovery of Biogas from Meat Industry Wastewater Using Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR): Modeling and Optimization
- Comparison of CFD Simulation and Simplified Modeling of a Fluidized Bed CO2 Capture Reactor
- Kinetic Study for Platinum Extraction from Spent Catalyst in Cyanide Solution at High Temperatures
- Hydroisomerization of Biomass Derived n-Hexadecane Towards Diesel Pool: Effect of Selective Removal External Surface Sites from Pt/ZSM-22
- Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity Effects on Casson Flow and Heat Transfer due to an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation
- Optimization of Nickel Chemical Extraction from Hazardous Residue
- Green Approach for Biodiesel Production from Jojoba Oil Supported by Process Modeling and Simulation
- Differentiating Process Performance of Various Coagulants in Removal of Congo red and Orange G Dyes
- CFD Simulation of Hydrodynamic of a Bubble Column Reactor Operating in Churn-Turbulent Regime and Effect of Gas Inlet Distribution on System Characteristics
- Transformation of Phenolic Compounds by Fe(III) in the Aqueous Solution in Dark and Under Irradiation
- Transient Predictive Model for Dynamic Analysis, Kinetic Study, and Reactor Design of Triglycerides Transesterification to Biodiesel
- Screening of Alternative Carbon Sources for Recombinant Protein Production in Pichia pastoris
- Optimization of a Large Scale Industrial Reactor Towards Tailor Made Polymers Using Genetic Algorithm
- Model of Reactive Transport within a Light Photocatalytic Textile
- Preparation of Chitosan based Nanofibers: Optimization and Modeling
- Adsorption of As (III) on Iron Coated Quartz Sand: Influence of Temperature on the Equilibrium Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Isosteric Heat of Adsorption Analysis
- Resistance Characteristics of Coal Slime in Pipe Flow at High Pressure
- Activity Comparison of Acidic Resins in the Production of Valuable Glycerol Acetates
- Bulk Polymerization of Styrene using Multifunctional Initiators in a Batch Reactor: A Comprehensive Mathematical Model
- An Effective Reaction Rate Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with High Intra-Particle Diffusion Resistance
- Heart-Like Micro-Flow Mixer
- Hydrogen Production by Hydrolysis of NaBH4 with Cr-Ni-W-B Catalyst: Effects of Cold Plasma and Chromium Content
- Prediction of Reactivity Ratios in Free Radical Copolymerization from Monomer Resonance–Polarity (Q–e) Parameters: Genetic Programming-Based Models
- Steady-State Modeling of Pt-Catalyzed H2 Combustion in a Monolithic Reactor: From Micro- to Macro-kinetics
- Premixed Methanol–Air Combustion Characteristics in a Mini-scale Catalytic Combustor
- Kinetic Modeling of VOC Photocatalytic Degradation Using a Process at Different Reactor Configurations and Scales
- Improvement of Activated Sludge Process Using a Nonlinear PI Controller Design via Adaptive Gain
- Modeling and Simulation of a Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier for the Gasification of High Ash Indian Coal Using Eulerian Granular Approach
- Performance of a Catalytic Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Reactor in the Presence of Interparticle Forces
- Mathematical Modeling of Biodiesel Production under Intense Agitation
- Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Reactor (EAASR) for Removal of Nitrobenzene: Air Stripped or Biologically Removed?
- CFD Modeling of Algae Flash Pyrolysis in the Batch Fluidized Bed Reactor Including Heat Carrier Particles
- A Robust Extended State Observer for the Estimation of Concentration and Kinetics in a CSTR
- Dynamic Modeling of CATOFIN® Fixed-Bed Iso-Butane Dehydrogenation Reactor for Operational Optimization
- Effect of Biomass Compositions on Combustion Kinetic Parameters using Response Surface Methodology
- Short Communications
- Discussions on Particle Flux Measurement in Gas-Solids Risers
- Use of New Regeneration Processes for Thermolabile Amines
- Oxidative-Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel by Dimethyl Sulfoxide and ZnCl2 Based Ionic Liquid
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: Performance Analysis of Immobilized Enzyme Semifluidised Bed Bioreactors
