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Le care pour les personnes âgées en contexte « chinois » : une analyse comparative structurelle entre Taiwan et la République Populaire de Chine

Elderly Care in a Chinese Context: A Structural Analysis Comparing Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China
  • Alex Payette ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Yi-Chun Chien
Published/Copyright: April 15, 2021
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Résumé

Les legs politiques forment un facteur important qui, malgré les discours néo-traditionnels présents dans le champ des études comparatives, explique comment certaines politiques, ainsi que la structure générale du conflit politique, ont influencé l’état des dispositions du care pour les personnes âgées à Taiwan et en République Populaire de Chine. D’une part, Taiwan transfère déjà depuis un moment les responsabilités du care liées à la famille vers la sphère publique par le biais de réformes politiques qui visent à répondre aux demandes de la société civile depuis la transition démocratique. D’autre part, le Parti-État a mis en place une série de lois « filiales » en plus de réformes politiques et économiques qui eurent comme conséquence de faire gonfler l’offre et la demande de care basé sur la famille sans toutefois remédier à la situation institutionnelle. Ces lois et réformes eurent un impact direct sur le développement des institutions offrant du soutien aux personnes âgées. Cela dit, la problématique qu’est la provision du care dans les sociétés dites « chinoises » demeure souvent présentée sous l’angle de la culture. Cette accentuation est le résultat de la prédominance d’une vision sociologique à l’intérieur de la discipline et du « retour de la culture » dans le champ de la politique comparée. Cependant, contrairement à cette tendance, l’article se propose de faire une analyse basée sur la « dépendance au sentier » de l’état actuel des dispositions du care pour les personnes âgées à Taiwan et en Chine. Celle-ci, sans pour autant passer par l’argument culturel, mettra l’accent sur l’influence des politiques récentes et sur l’émergence des structures de provision du care. En ce sens, l’objectif de l’article est de « ramener » les politiques à l’avant-plan dans l’étude des dispositions du care en Asie de l’est.

Abstract

Despite the overemphasis on neo-traditional discourses in the field of comparative studies, political legacies are an important factor that can account for how certain policies influenced eldercare provision in both Taiwan and China. Taiwan has been transferring family-based care responsibilities into the public sphere through extensive political reforms aiming at meeting the needs of the civil society for quite some time now, while the Chinese Party-State has implemented a series of “filial” laws, which directly influenced the supply and demand for family-based eldercare. That said, more often than not, assessment of care provision issues in so-called “Chinese societies” remains rooted in “culture”. This overemphasis on culture can be explained by the predominance of a sociological perspective in the field of comparative politics. In contrast, this article adopts a more institutional approach and uses path dependency in order to assess the current state of eldercare arrangements in both selected cases. In doing so, this research focuses on the influence of recent policies in the establishment of care provision structures. As such, the objective of this article is to “bring the policies back in” the study of both care arrangements and care provision in East Asia.


Corresponding author: Alex Payette, Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Political Science, Glendon College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Political Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Quebec, Canada, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: 393675430-2019-00470

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Published Online: 2021-04-15
Published in Print: 2021-03-26

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