Fine characterization of mitral valve glycosaminoglycans and their modification with degenerative disease
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Luca Dainese
Abstract
Background: The levels and fine structure of complex polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), were determined in segments of the posterior mitral valve leaflet (MVL) taken from 15 patients affected by mitral regurgitation and degenerative disease and were compared with segments from 15 multiorgan donors.
Methods: MVL GAGs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and by HPLC and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis to evaluate disaccharide patterns after treatment with chondroitinase ABC.
Results: GAGs from the control group were composed of approximately 37% hyaluronic acid and 63% chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate with a charge density of approximately 0.61. Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate polymers contained approximately 23% of the disaccharide sulfated in position 6 on N-acetyl-galactosamine, ∼38% of the 4-sulfated disaccharide and ∼2% of the non-sulfated disaccharide (with a 4-sulfated/6-sulfated ratio of 1.7). The total amount of GAGs was 0.66 μg/mg tissue. The total amount of GAGs in patients suffering from mitral regurgitation and degenerative disease was approximately 51.5% higher (although the difference was not significant, probably because of the low number of subjects enrolled in the study). However, significantly higher hyaluronic acid content (approx. +38%, p<0.05) and lower sulfated GAG content (approx. −21%, p<0.005) were demonstrated. As a consequence, the total charge density decreased by approximately 23% (p<0.005). This macromodification of GAG composition was also followed by a microalteration of the structure of the sulfated polysaccharides, in particular with a significant decrease in the 4-sulfated disaccharide (and a parallel increase in hyaluronic acid content) with no modification of the percentage of the 6-sulfated and non-sulfated disaccharides (with a significant decrease in the 4-/6-sulfated ratio).
Conclusions: We assume that changes in the relative amount and distribution of GAGs in posterior MVL in subjects suffering from mitral regurgitation and degenerative disease are consistent with a decrease in the tension to which these tissues are subjected and with an abnormal matrix microstructure capable of influencing the hydration and of conditioning the mechanical weakness of these pathological tissues.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:361–6.
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©2007 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
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Articles in the same Issue
- From human genetic variations to prediction of risks and responses to drugs and the environment
- Nutrigenomics – 2006 update
- How to comprehensively analyse proteins and how this influences nutritional research
- Genotypes, obesity and type 2 diabetes – can genetic information motivate weight loss? A review
- The Gene-Diet Attica Investigation on childhood obesity (GENDAI): overview of the study design
- Polymorphisms in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and cholesterol responsiveness to dietary change
- Nutri-epigenomics: lifelong remodelling of our epigenomes by nutritional and metabolic factors and beyond
- Emerging role of cathepsin S in obesity and its associated diseases
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- Real-time multiplex PCR assay for genotyping of three apolipoprotein E alleles and two choline acetyltransferase alleles with three hybridization probes
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- Fine characterization of mitral valve glycosaminoglycans and their modification with degenerative disease
- Oxidative stress evaluated using an automated method for hydroperoxide estimation in patients with coronary artery disease
- Secretory phospholipase A2 activity and release kinetics of vascular tissue remodelling biomarkers after coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass
- Clustered components of the metabolic syndrome and platelet counts in Japanese females
- International Standard for serum vitamin B12 and serum folate: international collaborative study to evaluate a batch of lyophilised serum for B12 and folate content
- Multicentre physiological reference intervals for serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A, G and M, complement C3c and C4 measured with Tina-Quant® reagents systems
- In vivo and in vitro allergy diagnostics: it's time to reappraise the costs
- Experience with post-market surveillance of in-vitro diagnostic medical devices for lay use in Germany
- Evaluation of the high-sensitivity, full-range Olympus CRP OSR6199 application on the Olympus AU640®
- How to improve the teaching of urine microscopy
- In vitro determination of allergen-specific serum IgE. Comparative analysis of three methods
- Efficacy of a new blocker against anti-ruthenium antibody interference in the Elecsys free triiodothyronine assay
- Clinical indications for plasma protein assays: transthyretin (prealbumin) in inflammation and malnutrition: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC): IFCC Scientific Division Committee on Plasma Proteins (C-PP)
- Meeting Report: From human genetic variations to prediction of risks and responses to drugs and the environment
