Startseite Endogenous anti-inflammatory substances, inter-α-inhibitor and bikunin
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Endogenous anti-inflammatory substances, inter-α-inhibitor and bikunin

  • Hiroshi Kobayashi
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 28. November 2006
Biological Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Band 387 Heft 12

Abstract

There have been new developments in the elucidation of the biological functions of the inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) family. The anti-proteolytic activity of the IαI family originates from bikunin (also known as urinary trypsin inhibitor). Growing evidence indicates that bikunin is not just an anti-proteolytic agent, but can also be considered an anti-inflammatory agent that suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine synthesis. Bikunin functions to inhibit calcium influx and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling via LPS receptors and/or as yet unidentified bikunin signaling receptors. By signaling via the LPS receptor, LPS increases calcium influx and yields phosphorylated ERK, which activates multiple transcription factors, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) or early growth response-1 (Egr-1), which in turn promote cytokine expression. Deficits in the signaling cascades caused by free or cell-bound bikunin are predicted to down-regulate cytokine expression, render macrophages/neutrophils more inactive, and impair inflammatory processes. This brief review largely focuses on our current understanding of the apparent functions of bikunin, its ligands, the effector molecules with which it interacts, and its regulation.

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Published Online: 2006-11-28
Published in Print: 2006-12-01

©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Janus-faced role of endothelial NO synthase in vascular disease: uncoupling of oxygen reduction from NO synthesis and its pharmacological reversal
  2. Leucine aminopeptidases: diversity in structure and function
  3. Endogenous anti-inflammatory substances, inter-α-inhibitor and bikunin
  4. Mitochondrial morphology and distribution in mammalian cells
  5. Heterogeneity in the cysteine protease inhibitor clitocypin gene family
  6. Mutations in the inter-SH2 domain of the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase: effects on catalytic subunit binding and holoenzyme function
  7. Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis thymidine kinase as a potential target for the development of antibacterial nucleoside analogs
  8. The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum expresses an atypical N-terminally extended pyrophosphokinase with specificity for thiamine
  9. Fes1p acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the ribosome-associated molecular chaperone Ssb1p
  10. Detailed analysis of MIA protein by mutagenesis
  11. The role of human tissue kallikreins 7 and 8 in intracranial malignancies
  12. Prognostic significance of the expression of SR-A1, encoding a novel SR-related CTD-associated factor, in breast cancer
  13. Suppression of TNF-α production by S-adenosylmethionine in human mononuclear leukocytes is not mediated by polyamines
  14. Topotecan and methotrexate alter expression of the apoptosis-related genes BCL2, FAS and BCL2L12 in leukemic HL-60 cells
  15. Two secreted cystatins of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata: differential expression pattern and inhibitory specificity
  16. Acknowledgment
  17. Contents Biological Chemistry Volume 387, 2006
  18. Author Index
  19. Subject Index
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