Prognostic significance of the expression of SR-A1, encoding a novel SR-related CTD-associated factor, in breast cancer
-
Theoni Leoutsakou
Abstract
SR-A1 is a human high-molecular-weight SR-related CTD-associated factor that links the machineries of transcription and mRNA splicing. In this study we examined the prognostic value of SR-A1 gene expression using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. High SR-A1 expression was observed in 31/81 (38.3%) breast cancer tissues and was found to be more frequent in patients with tumors of large size (p=0.027), as well as in lymph node-positive patients (p=0.035). Follow-up analysis revealed that low SR-A1 expression increases the probability of both overall and disease-free survival of patients. Our results suggest that SR-A1 may possibly be characterized as a new marker of unfavorable prognosis for breast cancer.
References
Bauren, G. and Wieslander, L. (1994). Splicing of Balbiani ring 1 gene pre-mRNA occurs simultaneously with transcription. Cell76, 183–192.10.1016/0092-8674(94)90182-1Search in Google Scholar
Brodsky, A.S., Meyer, C.A., Swinburne, I.A., Hall, G., Keenan, B.J., Liu, X.S., Fox, E.A., and Silver, P.A. (2005). Genomic mapping of RNA polymerase II reveals sites of co-transcriptional regulation in human cells. Genome Biol.6, R64.10.1186/gb-2005-6-8-r64Search in Google Scholar
Caceres, J.F. and Krainer, A.R. (1997). Mammalian pre-mRNA splicing factors. In: Frontiers in Molecular Biology: Eukaryotic mRNA Processing, A.R. Krainer, ed. (New York, USA: Oxford University Press), pp. 174–212.Search in Google Scholar
Caceres, J.F., Screaton, G.R., and Krainer, A.R. (1998). A specific subset of SR proteins shuttles continuously between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Genes Dev.12, 55–66.10.1101/gad.12.1.55Search in Google Scholar
Cazalla, D., Newton, K., and Caceres, J.F. (2005). A novel SR-related protein is required for the second step of pre-mRNA splicing. Mol. Cell. Biol.25, 2969–2980.10.1128/MCB.25.8.2969-2980.2005Search in Google Scholar
Faustino, N.A. and Cooper, T.A. (2003). Pre-mRNA splicing and human disease. Genes Dev.17, 419–437.10.1101/gad.1048803Search in Google Scholar
Ghigna, C., Moroni, M., Porta, C., Riva, S., and Biamonti, G. (1998). Altered expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and SR factors in human colon adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res.58, 5818–5824.Search in Google Scholar
Goldstrohm, A.C., Greenleaf, A.L., and Garcia-Blanco, M.A. (2001). Co-transcriptional splicing of pre-messenger RNAs: considerations for the mechanism of alternative splicing. Gene277, 31–47.10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00695-3Search in Google Scholar
Graveley, B.R. (2000). Sorting out the complexity of SR protein functions. RNA6, 1197–1211.10.1017/S1355838200000960Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Greenleaf, A.L. (1993). Positive patches and negative noodles: linking RNA processing to transcription? Trends Biochem. Sci.18, 117–119.Search in Google Scholar
Hanamura, A., Caceres, J.F., Mayeda, A., Franza, B.R. Jr., and Krainer, A.R. (1998). Regulated tissue-specific expression of antagonistic pre-mRNA splicing factors. RNA4, 430–444.Search in Google Scholar
Hirose, Y., Tacke, R., and Manley, J.L. (1999). Phosphorylated RNA polymerase II stimulates pre-mRNA splicing. Genes Dev.13, 1234–1239.10.1101/gad.13.10.1234Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Huang, Y. and Steitz, J.A. (2005). SRprises along a messenger's journey. Mol. Cell17, 613–615.10.1016/j.molcel.2005.02.020Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Katsarou, M.E., Papakyriakou, A., Katsaros, N., and Scorilas, A. (2005). Expression of the C-terminal domain of novel human SR-A1 protein: interaction with the CTD domain of RNA polymerase II. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.334, 61–68.10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.053Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kim, E., Du, L., Bregman, D.B., and Warren, S.L. (1997). Splicing factors associate with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II in the absence of pre-mRNA. J. Cell Biol.136, 19–28.10.1083/jcb.136.1.19Search in Google Scholar
Longman, D., McGarvey, T., McCracken, S., Johnstone, I.L., Blencowe, B.J., and Caceres, J.F. (2001). Multiple interactions between SRm160 and SR family proteins in enhancer-dependent splicing and development of C.elegans. Curr. Biol.11, 1923–1933.10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00589-9Search in Google Scholar
Mathioudaki, K., Leotsakou, T., Papadokostopoulou, A., Paraskevas, E., Ardavanis, A., Talieri, M., and Scorilas, A. (2004). SR-A1, a member of the human pre-mRNA splicing factor family, and its expression in colon cancer progression. Biol. Chem.385, 785–790.10.1515/BC.2004.102Search in Google Scholar
McCracken, S., Fong, N., Yankulov, K., Ballantyne, S., Pan, G., Greenblatt, J., Patterson, S.D., Wickens, M., and Bentley, D.L. (1997). The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II couples mRNA processing to transcription. Nature385, 357–361.10.1038/385357a0Search in Google Scholar
Mintz, P.J. and Spector, D.L. (2000). Compartmentalization of RNA processing factors within nuclear speckles. J. Struct. Biol.129, 241–251.10.1006/jsbi.2000.4213Search in Google Scholar
Rosonina, E. and Blencowe, B.J. (2004). Analysis of the requirement for RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeats in pre-mRNA splicing and 3′-end cleavage. RNA10, 581–589.10.1261/rna.5207204Search in Google Scholar
Scorilas, A., Kyriakopoulou, L., Katsaros, D., and Diamandis, E.P. (2001). Cloning of a gene (SR-A1), encoding for a new member of the human Ser/Arg-rich family of pre-mRNA splicing factors: overexpression in aggressive ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer85, 190–198.10.1054/bjoc.2001.1885Search in Google Scholar
Shen, H. and Green, M.R. (2004). A pathway of sequential arginine-serine-rich domain-splicing signal interactions during mammalian spliceosome assembly. Mol. Cell16, 363–373.10.1016/j.molcel.2004.10.021Search in Google Scholar
Shen, H., Kan, J.L., and Green, M.R. (2004). Arginine-serine-rich domains bound at splicing enhancers contact the branchpoint to promote prespliceosome assembly. Mol. Cell13, 367–376.10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00025-5Search in Google Scholar
Smith, C.W. and Valcarcel, J. (2000). Alternative pre-mRNA splicing: the logic of combinatorial control. Trends Biochem. Sci.25, 381–388.10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01604-2Search in Google Scholar
Soule, H.D., Vazguez, J., Long, A., Albert, S., and Brennan, M. (1973). A human cell line from a pleural effusion derived from a breast carcinoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.51, 1409–1416.10.1093/jnci/51.5.1409Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Soule, H.D., Maloney, T.M., Wolman, S.R., Peterson, W.D. Jr., Brenz, R., McGrath, C.M., Russo, J., Pauley, R.J., Jones, R.F., and Brooks, S.C. (1990). Isolation and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10. Cancer Res.50, 6075–6086.Search in Google Scholar
Stickeler, E., Kittrell, F., Medina, D., and Berget, S.M. (1999). Stage-specific changes in SR splicing factors and alternative splicing in mammary tumorigenesis. Oncogene18, 3574–3582.10.1038/sj.onc.1202671Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Yuryev, A., Patturajan, M., Litingtung, Y., Joshi, R.V., Gentile, C., Gebara, M., and Corden, J.L. (1996). The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II interacts with a novel set of serine/arginine-rich proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA93, 6975–6980.10.1073/pnas.93.14.6975Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Janus-faced role of endothelial NO synthase in vascular disease: uncoupling of oxygen reduction from NO synthesis and its pharmacological reversal
- Leucine aminopeptidases: diversity in structure and function
- Endogenous anti-inflammatory substances, inter-α-inhibitor and bikunin
- Mitochondrial morphology and distribution in mammalian cells
- Heterogeneity in the cysteine protease inhibitor clitocypin gene family
- Mutations in the inter-SH2 domain of the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase: effects on catalytic subunit binding and holoenzyme function
- Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis thymidine kinase as a potential target for the development of antibacterial nucleoside analogs
- The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum expresses an atypical N-terminally extended pyrophosphokinase with specificity for thiamine
- Fes1p acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the ribosome-associated molecular chaperone Ssb1p
- Detailed analysis of MIA protein by mutagenesis
- The role of human tissue kallikreins 7 and 8 in intracranial malignancies
- Prognostic significance of the expression of SR-A1, encoding a novel SR-related CTD-associated factor, in breast cancer
- Suppression of TNF-α production by S-adenosylmethionine in human mononuclear leukocytes is not mediated by polyamines
- Topotecan and methotrexate alter expression of the apoptosis-related genes BCL2, FAS and BCL2L12 in leukemic HL-60 cells
- Two secreted cystatins of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata: differential expression pattern and inhibitory specificity
- Acknowledgment
- Contents Biological Chemistry Volume 387, 2006
- Author Index
- Subject Index
Articles in the same Issue
- Janus-faced role of endothelial NO synthase in vascular disease: uncoupling of oxygen reduction from NO synthesis and its pharmacological reversal
- Leucine aminopeptidases: diversity in structure and function
- Endogenous anti-inflammatory substances, inter-α-inhibitor and bikunin
- Mitochondrial morphology and distribution in mammalian cells
- Heterogeneity in the cysteine protease inhibitor clitocypin gene family
- Mutations in the inter-SH2 domain of the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase: effects on catalytic subunit binding and holoenzyme function
- Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis thymidine kinase as a potential target for the development of antibacterial nucleoside analogs
- The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum expresses an atypical N-terminally extended pyrophosphokinase with specificity for thiamine
- Fes1p acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the ribosome-associated molecular chaperone Ssb1p
- Detailed analysis of MIA protein by mutagenesis
- The role of human tissue kallikreins 7 and 8 in intracranial malignancies
- Prognostic significance of the expression of SR-A1, encoding a novel SR-related CTD-associated factor, in breast cancer
- Suppression of TNF-α production by S-adenosylmethionine in human mononuclear leukocytes is not mediated by polyamines
- Topotecan and methotrexate alter expression of the apoptosis-related genes BCL2, FAS and BCL2L12 in leukemic HL-60 cells
- Two secreted cystatins of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata: differential expression pattern and inhibitory specificity
- Acknowledgment
- Contents Biological Chemistry Volume 387, 2006
- Author Index
- Subject Index