9 Emerging perspectives of nanoparticles to treat neurodegenerative diseases
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Prem Rajak
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine is an emerging field to advance the therapy of diseases that are difficult to treat. NPs are favored as therapeutic drugs because of their nanoscale size, high surface area, amenability to surface modifications, and better effectiveness. Moreover, they can deeply penetrate tissues like the central nervous system (CNS), which are not easily accessible to other drugs. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are prevalent in many parts of the world. They are characterized by neuronal death and subsequent blockage in optimum neuronal activities. Most prevalent NDDs are Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). AD is characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid proteins, forming plaques around brain cells. PD is caused by the deposition of Lewy bodies. All these toxic buildups of proteins lead to neuronal death. Several metal NPs, nanocomposites, and quantum dots have been tested using human cell lines and animal models to explore their efficacy against the causative factors of NDDs. These NPs showed a positive response in the majority of such experiments. However, most of these experiments are in infancy. Certain concerns regarding toxicity, half-life, and biocompatibility of drugs also persist that need to be addressed in the near future.
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine is an emerging field to advance the therapy of diseases that are difficult to treat. NPs are favored as therapeutic drugs because of their nanoscale size, high surface area, amenability to surface modifications, and better effectiveness. Moreover, they can deeply penetrate tissues like the central nervous system (CNS), which are not easily accessible to other drugs. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are prevalent in many parts of the world. They are characterized by neuronal death and subsequent blockage in optimum neuronal activities. Most prevalent NDDs are Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). AD is characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid proteins, forming plaques around brain cells. PD is caused by the deposition of Lewy bodies. All these toxic buildups of proteins lead to neuronal death. Several metal NPs, nanocomposites, and quantum dots have been tested using human cell lines and animal models to explore their efficacy against the causative factors of NDDs. These NPs showed a positive response in the majority of such experiments. However, most of these experiments are in infancy. Certain concerns regarding toxicity, half-life, and biocompatibility of drugs also persist that need to be addressed in the near future.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Acknowledgments VII
- Contents IX
- 1 The current scenario in nanocomposite and nanohybrid materials 1
- 2 A current perspective on nanocomposite and nanohybrid material: developments and trends 29
- 3 Synthetic nanomaterials: fabrication, development, and characterization 55
- 4 Advances in fabrication, development, and characterization of synthetic nanomaterials 85
- 5 Structural, morphological, thermal, and long persistent properties of synthesized nanostructured phosphor 99
- 6 Mechanical characteristics and surface roughness testing of nanomaterials in enhancing the discharge over spillways 117
- 7 Biomedical considerations of nanomaterials based on biological aspects in biomedical field 139
- 8 Nanomaterial-based molecular imaging and targeted cancer therapy: current progress and limitations 161
- 9 Emerging perspectives of nanoparticles to treat neurodegenerative diseases 179
- 10 Understanding antibacterial disinfection mechanisms of oxide-based photocatalytic materials 195
- 11 Nanocomposites and nanohybrids in additive manufacturing 223
- 12 Characterization and mechanical properties analysis of carbon nanotube and hydroxyapatite-modified polymethyl methacrylate bone cement for bio-nanocomposite 237
- 13 Role of nanomaterials in enhancing the performance of polymer composite materials 259
- 14 Nanotechnology: a novel weapon for insect pest and vector management 277
- 15 Effect of carbon nanotubes, aluminum hydroxide, and zinc borate on the mechanical and fire properties of epoxy nanocomposite 297
- 16 Recent advancements in polymer nanocomposites-based adsorbents for chromium removal 315
- About the editors 337
- List of contributors 339
- Index 343
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Acknowledgments VII
- Contents IX
- 1 The current scenario in nanocomposite and nanohybrid materials 1
- 2 A current perspective on nanocomposite and nanohybrid material: developments and trends 29
- 3 Synthetic nanomaterials: fabrication, development, and characterization 55
- 4 Advances in fabrication, development, and characterization of synthetic nanomaterials 85
- 5 Structural, morphological, thermal, and long persistent properties of synthesized nanostructured phosphor 99
- 6 Mechanical characteristics and surface roughness testing of nanomaterials in enhancing the discharge over spillways 117
- 7 Biomedical considerations of nanomaterials based on biological aspects in biomedical field 139
- 8 Nanomaterial-based molecular imaging and targeted cancer therapy: current progress and limitations 161
- 9 Emerging perspectives of nanoparticles to treat neurodegenerative diseases 179
- 10 Understanding antibacterial disinfection mechanisms of oxide-based photocatalytic materials 195
- 11 Nanocomposites and nanohybrids in additive manufacturing 223
- 12 Characterization and mechanical properties analysis of carbon nanotube and hydroxyapatite-modified polymethyl methacrylate bone cement for bio-nanocomposite 237
- 13 Role of nanomaterials in enhancing the performance of polymer composite materials 259
- 14 Nanotechnology: a novel weapon for insect pest and vector management 277
- 15 Effect of carbon nanotubes, aluminum hydroxide, and zinc borate on the mechanical and fire properties of epoxy nanocomposite 297
- 16 Recent advancements in polymer nanocomposites-based adsorbents for chromium removal 315
- About the editors 337
- List of contributors 339
- Index 343
