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Techno-Utopia or Techno-Dystopia: Current and Future Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence Developments in Destinations

  • Ryan Yung
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Tourism Destination Development
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Tourism Destination Development

Abstract

Technological innovations have historically been the driving force behind developments in tourism. Proliferation of digital technologies and the onset of industry 4.0, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, calls for an increased urgency to examine the implications of potentially industry-moulding innovations on the developments of destinations. Specifically, this chapter examines three key technological innovations that spearhead industry 4.0 - artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). The twenty-first century has seen growing widespread consumer adoption of the technologies. Accordingly, worldwide market value of AI is projected to grow to over $1.5 trillion by 2030 (Statista, 2022b), with AR and VR projected to grow to over $250 billion by 2028 (Statista, 2022a). AI and machine learning have already found their footing in the backgrounds of a variety of scenarios including voice assistants, service robots, social media, recommender systems and increasing automation of processes in the travel system. Meanwhile, AR and VR have largely seen adoption in contexts including destination marketing, in situ experience enhancement and visitor interpretation, particularly in the heritage tourism sector. Looking to the future, the continued advancement of these technologies point to functionalities including autonomous mobilities, virtual worlds and metaverses, and hyper-personalised and predictive ‘perfect’ experiences. The second half of this chapter will explore the impact of these advancements from a future destination development sustainability lens. Pertinent and complex questions remain around the paradox of (in)equality and inclusivity of virtual tourism and virtual events, paradoxes of degrowth and economic resilience of automated service workforces, paradoxes of hyper-personalisation and authenticity of augmented experiences. Discussions in this chapter culminate in possible utopic and dystopic scenarios for implications of the technologies on sustainable destination development futures.

Abstract

Technological innovations have historically been the driving force behind developments in tourism. Proliferation of digital technologies and the onset of industry 4.0, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, calls for an increased urgency to examine the implications of potentially industry-moulding innovations on the developments of destinations. Specifically, this chapter examines three key technological innovations that spearhead industry 4.0 - artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). The twenty-first century has seen growing widespread consumer adoption of the technologies. Accordingly, worldwide market value of AI is projected to grow to over $1.5 trillion by 2030 (Statista, 2022b), with AR and VR projected to grow to over $250 billion by 2028 (Statista, 2022a). AI and machine learning have already found their footing in the backgrounds of a variety of scenarios including voice assistants, service robots, social media, recommender systems and increasing automation of processes in the travel system. Meanwhile, AR and VR have largely seen adoption in contexts including destination marketing, in situ experience enhancement and visitor interpretation, particularly in the heritage tourism sector. Looking to the future, the continued advancement of these technologies point to functionalities including autonomous mobilities, virtual worlds and metaverses, and hyper-personalised and predictive ‘perfect’ experiences. The second half of this chapter will explore the impact of these advancements from a future destination development sustainability lens. Pertinent and complex questions remain around the paradox of (in)equality and inclusivity of virtual tourism and virtual events, paradoxes of degrowth and economic resilience of automated service workforces, paradoxes of hyper-personalisation and authenticity of augmented experiences. Discussions in this chapter culminate in possible utopic and dystopic scenarios for implications of the technologies on sustainable destination development futures.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword VII
  3. Preface IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. The Need to Engage with Destination Development 1
  6. Part I: Developing Competitive Destinations
  7. Tourism Destinations: Risk, Management and Communication 11
  8. Destination Competitiveness and AI-based Methods 33
  9. Change Management Approaches to Encounter Rural Overtourism 55
  10. Visitor Management in Tourism Destinations: Current Challenges in Measuring and Managing Visitors’ Spatio-Temporal Behaviour 81
  11. Supporting Economically and Socially Sustainable Destination Development through Branding: Opportunities and Challenges 105
  12. Part II: Developing Sustainable Destinations
  13. From Global Frameworks to Local Meanings: Assessing Resilience for Sustainable Destinations through the Lens of Transdisciplinary Research 127
  14. Destination Resilience in the Context of COVID-19 and Its Hysteretic Impact on the Tourism System of South Tyrol 149
  15. Local Participation for a Higher Commitment to Destination Development 173
  16. Residents’ Attitudes and Sustainable Destination Development: Introducing the Tourism Acceptance Score 197
  17. Dogs, Frogs and Degrowth: Sustainable Development and Arctification as a Destination Development Dilemma in Northern Sweden 219
  18. Part III: Developing Accessible Destinations
  19. Principles and Practices of Effective Inclusive Stakeholder Community Engagement 243
  20. The Role of Universal Design in the Future of Tourism Planning and Development 261
  21. Developing Social Sustainable Tourism for and with People with Hidden Disabilities: Reflections from Fyn, Denmark 287
  22. Tourism Promotional Materials: Examining the Intersections of Accessibility and Inclusion 309
  23. Inclusive Destination Management Strategies 333
  24. Part IV: Developing Future-Proof Destinations
  25. Business as Usual or Completely Different? COVID-19 and Its Influence on the Participation in Tourism of the German Population 361
  26. Beyond Overtourism, Undertourism, the End of Tourism: New Perspectives for Urban Tourism 381
  27. Flight and Migration in the Context of Destinations: Conceptional Approaches and Empirical Insights Based on the Repurposing of Tourist Accommodation as Accommodation for Refugees – Case Study Bavaria 405
  28. The Challenge of Climate Change and Net-Zero Emissions for Destinations 425
  29. Techno-Utopia or Techno-Dystopia: Current and Future Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence Developments in Destinations 453
  30. The Contribution of Academia to Destination Development 473
  31. List of Figures 483
  32. List of Tables 487
  33. List of Contributors 489
  34. Index 497
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110794090-021

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword VII
  3. Preface IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. The Need to Engage with Destination Development 1
  6. Part I: Developing Competitive Destinations
  7. Tourism Destinations: Risk, Management and Communication 11
  8. Destination Competitiveness and AI-based Methods 33
  9. Change Management Approaches to Encounter Rural Overtourism 55
  10. Visitor Management in Tourism Destinations: Current Challenges in Measuring and Managing Visitors’ Spatio-Temporal Behaviour 81
  11. Supporting Economically and Socially Sustainable Destination Development through Branding: Opportunities and Challenges 105
  12. Part II: Developing Sustainable Destinations
  13. From Global Frameworks to Local Meanings: Assessing Resilience for Sustainable Destinations through the Lens of Transdisciplinary Research 127
  14. Destination Resilience in the Context of COVID-19 and Its Hysteretic Impact on the Tourism System of South Tyrol 149
  15. Local Participation for a Higher Commitment to Destination Development 173
  16. Residents’ Attitudes and Sustainable Destination Development: Introducing the Tourism Acceptance Score 197
  17. Dogs, Frogs and Degrowth: Sustainable Development and Arctification as a Destination Development Dilemma in Northern Sweden 219
  18. Part III: Developing Accessible Destinations
  19. Principles and Practices of Effective Inclusive Stakeholder Community Engagement 243
  20. The Role of Universal Design in the Future of Tourism Planning and Development 261
  21. Developing Social Sustainable Tourism for and with People with Hidden Disabilities: Reflections from Fyn, Denmark 287
  22. Tourism Promotional Materials: Examining the Intersections of Accessibility and Inclusion 309
  23. Inclusive Destination Management Strategies 333
  24. Part IV: Developing Future-Proof Destinations
  25. Business as Usual or Completely Different? COVID-19 and Its Influence on the Participation in Tourism of the German Population 361
  26. Beyond Overtourism, Undertourism, the End of Tourism: New Perspectives for Urban Tourism 381
  27. Flight and Migration in the Context of Destinations: Conceptional Approaches and Empirical Insights Based on the Repurposing of Tourist Accommodation as Accommodation for Refugees – Case Study Bavaria 405
  28. The Challenge of Climate Change and Net-Zero Emissions for Destinations 425
  29. Techno-Utopia or Techno-Dystopia: Current and Future Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence Developments in Destinations 453
  30. The Contribution of Academia to Destination Development 473
  31. List of Figures 483
  32. List of Tables 487
  33. List of Contributors 489
  34. Index 497
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Heruntergeladen am 3.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110794090-021/html
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