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Business as Usual or Completely Different? COVID-19 and Its Influence on the Participation in Tourism of the German Population

  • Jürgen Schmude , Erik Lindner und Sascha Filimon
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Tourism Destination Development
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Tourism Destination Development

Abstract

As one of the first economic sectors, the COVID-19 pandemic had a clear impact on tourism since the beginning of 2020, especially on international tourism flows. Thus, the worldwide volume of international travel arrivals in 2020 reached only 27.9% of 2019. In Germany, according to the Reiseanalyse (RA 2021), travel volume 2020 reached about 71% (number of trips) and travel participation was about 81% (share of travellers) and travel spending was about 62% of 2019. Taking the tourism of the population living in Germany as an example, this chapter uses a population- representative survey on travel behaviour and the application of a Gradient Boosting Machine to investigate how the influencing variables relevant to individual travel decisions have changed in the period from 2019 to 2021. To do this, 12 sociodemographic variables are inserted into a model that predicts the relative influence on the likelihood of leisure travel participation in 2021. By comparing with a previous study (Filimon et al., 2022), it shows that the importance of variables for individual travel decisions changed remarkably over the observation period (especially household income and age). In addition, we find that the importance of the variables influencing travel decisions is clearly moving back towards the pre-COVID-19 structures as the pandemic subsides, although there has not (yet) been a complete realignment.

Abstract

As one of the first economic sectors, the COVID-19 pandemic had a clear impact on tourism since the beginning of 2020, especially on international tourism flows. Thus, the worldwide volume of international travel arrivals in 2020 reached only 27.9% of 2019. In Germany, according to the Reiseanalyse (RA 2021), travel volume 2020 reached about 71% (number of trips) and travel participation was about 81% (share of travellers) and travel spending was about 62% of 2019. Taking the tourism of the population living in Germany as an example, this chapter uses a population- representative survey on travel behaviour and the application of a Gradient Boosting Machine to investigate how the influencing variables relevant to individual travel decisions have changed in the period from 2019 to 2021. To do this, 12 sociodemographic variables are inserted into a model that predicts the relative influence on the likelihood of leisure travel participation in 2021. By comparing with a previous study (Filimon et al., 2022), it shows that the importance of variables for individual travel decisions changed remarkably over the observation period (especially household income and age). In addition, we find that the importance of the variables influencing travel decisions is clearly moving back towards the pre-COVID-19 structures as the pandemic subsides, although there has not (yet) been a complete realignment.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword VII
  3. Preface IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. The Need to Engage with Destination Development 1
  6. Part I: Developing Competitive Destinations
  7. Tourism Destinations: Risk, Management and Communication 11
  8. Destination Competitiveness and AI-based Methods 33
  9. Change Management Approaches to Encounter Rural Overtourism 55
  10. Visitor Management in Tourism Destinations: Current Challenges in Measuring and Managing Visitors’ Spatio-Temporal Behaviour 81
  11. Supporting Economically and Socially Sustainable Destination Development through Branding: Opportunities and Challenges 105
  12. Part II: Developing Sustainable Destinations
  13. From Global Frameworks to Local Meanings: Assessing Resilience for Sustainable Destinations through the Lens of Transdisciplinary Research 127
  14. Destination Resilience in the Context of COVID-19 and Its Hysteretic Impact on the Tourism System of South Tyrol 149
  15. Local Participation for a Higher Commitment to Destination Development 173
  16. Residents’ Attitudes and Sustainable Destination Development: Introducing the Tourism Acceptance Score 197
  17. Dogs, Frogs and Degrowth: Sustainable Development and Arctification as a Destination Development Dilemma in Northern Sweden 219
  18. Part III: Developing Accessible Destinations
  19. Principles and Practices of Effective Inclusive Stakeholder Community Engagement 243
  20. The Role of Universal Design in the Future of Tourism Planning and Development 261
  21. Developing Social Sustainable Tourism for and with People with Hidden Disabilities: Reflections from Fyn, Denmark 287
  22. Tourism Promotional Materials: Examining the Intersections of Accessibility and Inclusion 309
  23. Inclusive Destination Management Strategies 333
  24. Part IV: Developing Future-Proof Destinations
  25. Business as Usual or Completely Different? COVID-19 and Its Influence on the Participation in Tourism of the German Population 361
  26. Beyond Overtourism, Undertourism, the End of Tourism: New Perspectives for Urban Tourism 381
  27. Flight and Migration in the Context of Destinations: Conceptional Approaches and Empirical Insights Based on the Repurposing of Tourist Accommodation as Accommodation for Refugees – Case Study Bavaria 405
  28. The Challenge of Climate Change and Net-Zero Emissions for Destinations 425
  29. Techno-Utopia or Techno-Dystopia: Current and Future Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence Developments in Destinations 453
  30. The Contribution of Academia to Destination Development 473
  31. List of Figures 483
  32. List of Tables 487
  33. List of Contributors 489
  34. Index 497
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110794090-017

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword VII
  3. Preface IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. The Need to Engage with Destination Development 1
  6. Part I: Developing Competitive Destinations
  7. Tourism Destinations: Risk, Management and Communication 11
  8. Destination Competitiveness and AI-based Methods 33
  9. Change Management Approaches to Encounter Rural Overtourism 55
  10. Visitor Management in Tourism Destinations: Current Challenges in Measuring and Managing Visitors’ Spatio-Temporal Behaviour 81
  11. Supporting Economically and Socially Sustainable Destination Development through Branding: Opportunities and Challenges 105
  12. Part II: Developing Sustainable Destinations
  13. From Global Frameworks to Local Meanings: Assessing Resilience for Sustainable Destinations through the Lens of Transdisciplinary Research 127
  14. Destination Resilience in the Context of COVID-19 and Its Hysteretic Impact on the Tourism System of South Tyrol 149
  15. Local Participation for a Higher Commitment to Destination Development 173
  16. Residents’ Attitudes and Sustainable Destination Development: Introducing the Tourism Acceptance Score 197
  17. Dogs, Frogs and Degrowth: Sustainable Development and Arctification as a Destination Development Dilemma in Northern Sweden 219
  18. Part III: Developing Accessible Destinations
  19. Principles and Practices of Effective Inclusive Stakeholder Community Engagement 243
  20. The Role of Universal Design in the Future of Tourism Planning and Development 261
  21. Developing Social Sustainable Tourism for and with People with Hidden Disabilities: Reflections from Fyn, Denmark 287
  22. Tourism Promotional Materials: Examining the Intersections of Accessibility and Inclusion 309
  23. Inclusive Destination Management Strategies 333
  24. Part IV: Developing Future-Proof Destinations
  25. Business as Usual or Completely Different? COVID-19 and Its Influence on the Participation in Tourism of the German Population 361
  26. Beyond Overtourism, Undertourism, the End of Tourism: New Perspectives for Urban Tourism 381
  27. Flight and Migration in the Context of Destinations: Conceptional Approaches and Empirical Insights Based on the Repurposing of Tourist Accommodation as Accommodation for Refugees – Case Study Bavaria 405
  28. The Challenge of Climate Change and Net-Zero Emissions for Destinations 425
  29. Techno-Utopia or Techno-Dystopia: Current and Future Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence Developments in Destinations 453
  30. The Contribution of Academia to Destination Development 473
  31. List of Figures 483
  32. List of Tables 487
  33. List of Contributors 489
  34. Index 497
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Heruntergeladen am 3.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110794090-017/html
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