21 Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
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Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
Abstract
The rising costs of non-renewable plastic and environmental concerns with their industrial usage have encouraged the study and development of renewable products. As an alternative, biological-based materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing non-renewable plastic in a variety of applications. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch is vital in the biopolymer industry. Wheat thermoplastic starch exhibits useable properties when plasticizers, elevated temperatures and shear are present. Thus, make it very suitable to be used as packaging material. However, this material suffers from low mechanical properties, which limit its applications. Several studies looked at the feasibility of using plant components which is nanocellulose as a reinforcing agent inwheat starch thermoplastic composites. Overall, the addition of nanocellulose can improve the performance of wheat thermoplastic starch, especially for its mechanical properties. It can potentially be used in several areas of packaging and biomedical. The objective of this review is to discuss several achievements regarding wheat starch/nanocellulose-based composites. Several important aspects of the mechanical performance and the thermal properties of the composites were evaluated. The discussion on wheat starch and nanocellulose was also tackled in this review.
Abstract
The rising costs of non-renewable plastic and environmental concerns with their industrial usage have encouraged the study and development of renewable products. As an alternative, biological-based materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing non-renewable plastic in a variety of applications. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch is vital in the biopolymer industry. Wheat thermoplastic starch exhibits useable properties when plasticizers, elevated temperatures and shear are present. Thus, make it very suitable to be used as packaging material. However, this material suffers from low mechanical properties, which limit its applications. Several studies looked at the feasibility of using plant components which is nanocellulose as a reinforcing agent inwheat starch thermoplastic composites. Overall, the addition of nanocellulose can improve the performance of wheat thermoplastic starch, especially for its mechanical properties. It can potentially be used in several areas of packaging and biomedical. The objective of this review is to discuss several achievements regarding wheat starch/nanocellulose-based composites. Several important aspects of the mechanical performance and the thermal properties of the composites were evaluated. The discussion on wheat starch and nanocellulose was also tackled in this review.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter i
- About the editors v
- Preface vii
- Contents ix
- List of contributing authors xxi
- 1 Introduction to bio-based packaging materials 1
- 2 Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials 17
- 3 Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications 35
- 4 Development of nanocellulosefiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review 61
- 5 Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites 103
- 6 Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 121
- 7 Morphological, water barrier and biodegradable properties of sugar palm nanocellulose/starch biopolymer composites incorporated with cinnamon essential oils 141
- 8 Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments 159
- 9 Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 173
- 10 Banana starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 191
- 11 Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 213
- 12 Cassava starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 227
- 13 Corn starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 255
- 14 Horse chestnut thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 285
- 15 Oat thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 299
- 16 Pea thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 317
- 17 Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 331
- 18 Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites 349
- 19 Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 373
- 20 Rice thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 383
- 21 Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 401
- 22 Regulations for food packaging materials 415
- 23 Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging 439
- Index 459
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter i
- About the editors v
- Preface vii
- Contents ix
- List of contributing authors xxi
- 1 Introduction to bio-based packaging materials 1
- 2 Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials 17
- 3 Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications 35
- 4 Development of nanocellulosefiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review 61
- 5 Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites 103
- 6 Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 121
- 7 Morphological, water barrier and biodegradable properties of sugar palm nanocellulose/starch biopolymer composites incorporated with cinnamon essential oils 141
- 8 Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments 159
- 9 Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 173
- 10 Banana starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 191
- 11 Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 213
- 12 Cassava starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 227
- 13 Corn starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 255
- 14 Horse chestnut thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 285
- 15 Oat thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 299
- 16 Pea thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 317
- 17 Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 331
- 18 Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites 349
- 19 Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 373
- 20 Rice thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 383
- 21 Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 401
- 22 Regulations for food packaging materials 415
- 23 Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging 439
- Index 459
