4 Development of nanocellulosefiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review
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Salit Mohd Sapuan
Abstract
In the last few years, there are rising numbers for environmental waste due to factors such as plastic based food packaging that really need to get enough attention in order to prevent the issue from becoming worse and bringing disaster to society. Thus, the uses of plastic composite materials need to be reduced and need to be replaced with materials that are natural and have low degradation to preserve nature. Based on the statistics for the global, the production of plastic has been roughly calculated for passing 400 million metric tons every year and has a high probability of approaching the value of 500 million metric tons at the year of 2025 and this issue needs to be counteracted as soon as possible. Due to that, the increasing number for recent development of natural biopolymer, as an example starch, has been investigated as the substitution for the non-biodegradable biopolymer. Besides, among all biodegradable polymers, starch has been considered as promising substitution polymer due to its renewability, easy availability, and biodegradability. Apart from that, by the reinforcement from the nanocellulose, starch fiber has an increasing in terms of mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. In this review paper, we will be discussing the up-to-date development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites throughout this century.
Abstract
In the last few years, there are rising numbers for environmental waste due to factors such as plastic based food packaging that really need to get enough attention in order to prevent the issue from becoming worse and bringing disaster to society. Thus, the uses of plastic composite materials need to be reduced and need to be replaced with materials that are natural and have low degradation to preserve nature. Based on the statistics for the global, the production of plastic has been roughly calculated for passing 400 million metric tons every year and has a high probability of approaching the value of 500 million metric tons at the year of 2025 and this issue needs to be counteracted as soon as possible. Due to that, the increasing number for recent development of natural biopolymer, as an example starch, has been investigated as the substitution for the non-biodegradable biopolymer. Besides, among all biodegradable polymers, starch has been considered as promising substitution polymer due to its renewability, easy availability, and biodegradability. Apart from that, by the reinforcement from the nanocellulose, starch fiber has an increasing in terms of mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. In this review paper, we will be discussing the up-to-date development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites throughout this century.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter i
- About the editors v
- Preface vii
- Contents ix
- List of contributing authors xxi
- 1 Introduction to bio-based packaging materials 1
- 2 Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials 17
- 3 Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications 35
- 4 Development of nanocellulosefiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review 61
- 5 Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites 103
- 6 Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 121
- 7 Morphological, water barrier and biodegradable properties of sugar palm nanocellulose/starch biopolymer composites incorporated with cinnamon essential oils 141
- 8 Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments 159
- 9 Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 173
- 10 Banana starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 191
- 11 Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 213
- 12 Cassava starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 227
- 13 Corn starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 255
- 14 Horse chestnut thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 285
- 15 Oat thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 299
- 16 Pea thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 317
- 17 Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 331
- 18 Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites 349
- 19 Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 373
- 20 Rice thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 383
- 21 Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 401
- 22 Regulations for food packaging materials 415
- 23 Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging 439
- Index 459
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter i
- About the editors v
- Preface vii
- Contents ix
- List of contributing authors xxi
- 1 Introduction to bio-based packaging materials 1
- 2 Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials 17
- 3 Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications 35
- 4 Development of nanocellulosefiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review 61
- 5 Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites 103
- 6 Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 121
- 7 Morphological, water barrier and biodegradable properties of sugar palm nanocellulose/starch biopolymer composites incorporated with cinnamon essential oils 141
- 8 Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments 159
- 9 Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 173
- 10 Banana starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 191
- 11 Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 213
- 12 Cassava starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 227
- 13 Corn starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 255
- 14 Horse chestnut thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 285
- 15 Oat thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 299
- 16 Pea thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 317
- 17 Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 331
- 18 Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites 349
- 19 Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 373
- 20 Rice thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose 383
- 21 Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose 401
- 22 Regulations for food packaging materials 415
- 23 Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging 439
- Index 459
