Heaven: Use, Function and Content of a Cosmic Concept
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Stefan Beyerle
Abstract
Among religious concepts from the Ancient Near East, the word “heaven” should be called a “container term,” that comprises many different attributes. In the Ancient Near East in general, as in ancient Judaism in particular, these attributes refer primarily to temple concepts that denote certain cosmological ideas. “Heaven” and “temple” point to an imago mundi in Jewish cosmology by referring back to more ancient traditions. Furthermore, temples or sanctuaries and their iconography, especially with a view to the sphinx thrones, reflect associations with heavenly spheres. Their archaeological remains date from the Bronze and Iron Ages to the Persian and Hellenistic eras, and they find their textual counterpart in poetical and liturgical texts of the Tanak and beyond. In general, the concept of “heaven” focuses on the link between temple and cosmos. The overall purpose of its use and function is the symbolization of divine or royal power.
Abstract
Among religious concepts from the Ancient Near East, the word “heaven” should be called a “container term,” that comprises many different attributes. In the Ancient Near East in general, as in ancient Judaism in particular, these attributes refer primarily to temple concepts that denote certain cosmological ideas. “Heaven” and “temple” point to an imago mundi in Jewish cosmology by referring back to more ancient traditions. Furthermore, temples or sanctuaries and their iconography, especially with a view to the sphinx thrones, reflect associations with heavenly spheres. Their archaeological remains date from the Bronze and Iron Ages to the Persian and Hellenistic eras, and they find their textual counterpart in poetical and liturgical texts of the Tanak and beyond. In general, the concept of “heaven” focuses on the link between temple and cosmos. The overall purpose of its use and function is the symbolization of divine or royal power.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Abbreviations VII
- Introduction 1
- Zum Gedenken an Otto Kaiser (1924–2017) 5
- In Memory of Alexander A. Di Lella (1929–2019) 9
- Heaven: Use, Function and Content of a Cosmic Concept 13
- Does κτίστης Mean “Creator”? The Lexeme κτι- and Its Implications in the Greek-Hellenistic Context 35
- Cosmos and Creation in Job 38 (Septuagint) 55
- Cosmic Events in the First and Last Additions to the Greek Text of the Book of Esther 77
- “Bless the Lord, Winter Cold and Summer Heat”. Cosmos and Creation in Greek Daniel 3:52–90 91
- Epiphanies: Cosmic Transcendence in 2 Maccabees 111
- “Gold from Heaven” in 2 Maccabees 129
- Creation and Humanity in the Book of Ben Sira 149
- Polarities in Creation (Sir 33:7–15) 179
- A Theology of the Creator and His Creation in Sir 42:15–25 201
- Creation and Cosmos in Greek Sirach 18:1–10 223
- Cosmos and Empire in the Wisdom of Solomon 245
- Creation and History in the Structure of the Book of Wisdom. ἡ κτίσις … ὑπηρετοῦσα (Wis 16:24) 271
- Philosophical Ideas about Cosmos and Creation in the Book of Wisdom 297
- God’s Conflict with the Chaos Monster in the Book of Tobit 319
- Cosmological Origins and Creation in 4QInstruction 331
- The Work of Creation in Early Rabbinic Prayers and Benedictions 345
- Ben Sira 42–50: An Antecedent of the Seder ‘Avodah Poems? 363
- Biographies of Authors 385
- Index of References 387
- Index of Authors 429
- Index of Subjects 435
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Abbreviations VII
- Introduction 1
- Zum Gedenken an Otto Kaiser (1924–2017) 5
- In Memory of Alexander A. Di Lella (1929–2019) 9
- Heaven: Use, Function and Content of a Cosmic Concept 13
- Does κτίστης Mean “Creator”? The Lexeme κτι- and Its Implications in the Greek-Hellenistic Context 35
- Cosmos and Creation in Job 38 (Septuagint) 55
- Cosmic Events in the First and Last Additions to the Greek Text of the Book of Esther 77
- “Bless the Lord, Winter Cold and Summer Heat”. Cosmos and Creation in Greek Daniel 3:52–90 91
- Epiphanies: Cosmic Transcendence in 2 Maccabees 111
- “Gold from Heaven” in 2 Maccabees 129
- Creation and Humanity in the Book of Ben Sira 149
- Polarities in Creation (Sir 33:7–15) 179
- A Theology of the Creator and His Creation in Sir 42:15–25 201
- Creation and Cosmos in Greek Sirach 18:1–10 223
- Cosmos and Empire in the Wisdom of Solomon 245
- Creation and History in the Structure of the Book of Wisdom. ἡ κτίσις … ὑπηρετοῦσα (Wis 16:24) 271
- Philosophical Ideas about Cosmos and Creation in the Book of Wisdom 297
- God’s Conflict with the Chaos Monster in the Book of Tobit 319
- Cosmological Origins and Creation in 4QInstruction 331
- The Work of Creation in Early Rabbinic Prayers and Benedictions 345
- Ben Sira 42–50: An Antecedent of the Seder ‘Avodah Poems? 363
- Biographies of Authors 385
- Index of References 387
- Index of Authors 429
- Index of Subjects 435
