Startseite Religionswissenschaft, Bibelwissenschaft und Theologie 5. Some Reflexions on the Origins of the Ibāḍiyya and Zaydiyya
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5. Some Reflexions on the Origins of the Ibāḍiyya and Zaydiyya

  • Wilferd Madelung
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L’ibadisme dans les sociétés de l’Islam médiéval
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch L’ibadisme dans les sociétés de l’Islam médiéval

Abstract

The Ibāḍiyya and the Zaydiyya both arose as moderate opposition movements during the late Umayyad age in Iraq, the former in Baṣra and the latter in Kūfa. They largely agreed in their basic theological and religious views. Both were initially opposed to the rationalist theology of the Mu‘tazila and adhered to a more traditionalist Islam. In theology, both adopted an abstract concept of God against the anthropomorphism espoused by early Sunnī traditionalism. Both upheld divine determinism and predestination against the doctrine of the Qadariyya and the Mu‘tazila. Both affirmed God’s Threat (wa‘īd) to punish unrepentant Muslim sinners in similar, strict terms against the doctrine of the Murji’a, qualifying it and the Mu‘tazilī thesis of an intermediate position between faith (īmān) and infidelity (kufr). The only major point of conflict between Ibāḍiyya and Zaydiyya was concerning the imamate. The Ibāḍiyya categorically rejected the privileged position of the Family of the Prophet in regard to the political and religious leadership of the Muslim Community while this position was recognized by the Zaydiyya. From the fourth/tenth century on, the Zaydiyya deviated from the Ibāḍiyya further by adopting Mu‘tazilī theology.

Abstract

The Ibāḍiyya and the Zaydiyya both arose as moderate opposition movements during the late Umayyad age in Iraq, the former in Baṣra and the latter in Kūfa. They largely agreed in their basic theological and religious views. Both were initially opposed to the rationalist theology of the Mu‘tazila and adhered to a more traditionalist Islam. In theology, both adopted an abstract concept of God against the anthropomorphism espoused by early Sunnī traditionalism. Both upheld divine determinism and predestination against the doctrine of the Qadariyya and the Mu‘tazila. Both affirmed God’s Threat (wa‘īd) to punish unrepentant Muslim sinners in similar, strict terms against the doctrine of the Murji’a, qualifying it and the Mu‘tazilī thesis of an intermediate position between faith (īmān) and infidelity (kufr). The only major point of conflict between Ibāḍiyya and Zaydiyya was concerning the imamate. The Ibāḍiyya categorically rejected the privileged position of the Family of the Prophet in regard to the political and religious leadership of the Muslim Community while this position was recognized by the Zaydiyya. From the fourth/tenth century on, the Zaydiyya deviated from the Ibāḍiyya further by adopting Mu‘tazilī theology.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Remerciements V
  3. Table des matières VII
  4. Liste des Figures XI
  5. Part I: Introduction
  6. 1. Une étude des modèles politiques et sociaux de l’ibadisme médiéval 3
  7. 2. Reflections on History and Historiography of the Early lbāḍis 14
  8. 3. Ibadism in the Societies of Mediaeval Islam: a Few Remarks 19
  9. Part II: La période de formation
  10. 4. “The World thus Became Severed from Them:” Khārijī and Ibāḍī Concepts of Shirā’ in their Near Eastern Context 25
  11. 5. Some Reflexions on the Origins of the Ibāḍiyya and Zaydiyya 42
  12. 6. Le kharijisme ibadite au Yémen et au Ḥaḍramawt à travers la révolte: d’Ibn Yaḥyā al-Kindī à la fin de l’epoque omeyyade 48
  13. 7. Les ibāḍites du Ḥaḍramawt: quelques suggestions généalogiques et historiographiques 63
  14. 8. Law and Politics in the Early Ibāḍī Communities: Abū ‘Ubayda al-Tamīmī’s Risāla to Abū ’l-Khaṭṭāb al-Ma‘Āfirī 72
  15. 9. The Butr and North African Ibāḍism: Praise and Criticism of the Berbers 88
  16. Part III: Territoires et sociétés
  17. 10. The Political Organization of Oman from the Second Imamate Period to the Yaʻrūba: Rereading Omani Internal Sources 113
  18. 11. Réflexions sur la nature du pouvoir rustumide 127
  19. 12. Sijilmāsa au temps tes Midrārides: nouvelles approches historiques et premier bilan archéologique 137
  20. 13. Essai de cartographie des groupes dissidents dans le Maghreb ibadite 169
  21. 14. An Ibadi Islandscape: Ibadi Communities on Djerba in the Medieval Period 190
  22. 15. Wārjlān, un foyer de l’ibadisme médiéval aux marges du Sahara 207
  23. 16. Les communautés ibadites du nord du Sahara au Moyen Âge: espace et société dans la région de l’oued Rīgh 244
  24. 17. Analyse comparative de l’organisation urbaine des qṣūr du Sud-Est algérien (Rīgh, Miya, Mzāb et al-Manī‘a 276
  25. Part IV: Réseaux et interactions
  26. 18. Fatimid Conflict with the Ibāḍīs and the Ibāḍī Version of the Imamate, in North Africa and in the East 303
  27. 19. Le pouvoir almohado-hafside et les ibadites en Ifrīqiya 315
  28. 20. L’ibadisme et la malikisation du Maghreb central: étude d’un processus long et complexe (ive–vie/xe–xiie siècle) 329
  29. 21. La communauté ibadite entre Orient et Occident musulmans (iiie/ixe–viie/xiiie siècle): une histoire d’échanges et de construction identitaire 348 348
  30. Index des noms de personnes 367
  31. Index des noms de lignages, de tribus et de groupes religieux 371
  32. Index des noms de lieux 373
  33. Index thématique 376
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110584394-005

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Remerciements V
  3. Table des matières VII
  4. Liste des Figures XI
  5. Part I: Introduction
  6. 1. Une étude des modèles politiques et sociaux de l’ibadisme médiéval 3
  7. 2. Reflections on History and Historiography of the Early lbāḍis 14
  8. 3. Ibadism in the Societies of Mediaeval Islam: a Few Remarks 19
  9. Part II: La période de formation
  10. 4. “The World thus Became Severed from Them:” Khārijī and Ibāḍī Concepts of Shirā’ in their Near Eastern Context 25
  11. 5. Some Reflexions on the Origins of the Ibāḍiyya and Zaydiyya 42
  12. 6. Le kharijisme ibadite au Yémen et au Ḥaḍramawt à travers la révolte: d’Ibn Yaḥyā al-Kindī à la fin de l’epoque omeyyade 48
  13. 7. Les ibāḍites du Ḥaḍramawt: quelques suggestions généalogiques et historiographiques 63
  14. 8. Law and Politics in the Early Ibāḍī Communities: Abū ‘Ubayda al-Tamīmī’s Risāla to Abū ’l-Khaṭṭāb al-Ma‘Āfirī 72
  15. 9. The Butr and North African Ibāḍism: Praise and Criticism of the Berbers 88
  16. Part III: Territoires et sociétés
  17. 10. The Political Organization of Oman from the Second Imamate Period to the Yaʻrūba: Rereading Omani Internal Sources 113
  18. 11. Réflexions sur la nature du pouvoir rustumide 127
  19. 12. Sijilmāsa au temps tes Midrārides: nouvelles approches historiques et premier bilan archéologique 137
  20. 13. Essai de cartographie des groupes dissidents dans le Maghreb ibadite 169
  21. 14. An Ibadi Islandscape: Ibadi Communities on Djerba in the Medieval Period 190
  22. 15. Wārjlān, un foyer de l’ibadisme médiéval aux marges du Sahara 207
  23. 16. Les communautés ibadites du nord du Sahara au Moyen Âge: espace et société dans la région de l’oued Rīgh 244
  24. 17. Analyse comparative de l’organisation urbaine des qṣūr du Sud-Est algérien (Rīgh, Miya, Mzāb et al-Manī‘a 276
  25. Part IV: Réseaux et interactions
  26. 18. Fatimid Conflict with the Ibāḍīs and the Ibāḍī Version of the Imamate, in North Africa and in the East 303
  27. 19. Le pouvoir almohado-hafside et les ibadites en Ifrīqiya 315
  28. 20. L’ibadisme et la malikisation du Maghreb central: étude d’un processus long et complexe (ive–vie/xe–xiie siècle) 329
  29. 21. La communauté ibadite entre Orient et Occident musulmans (iiie/ixe–viie/xiiie siècle): une histoire d’échanges et de construction identitaire 348 348
  30. Index des noms de personnes 367
  31. Index des noms de lignages, de tribus et de groupes religieux 371
  32. Index des noms de lieux 373
  33. Index thématique 376
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