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5. Rhetorik und Anti-Rhetorik in der frühneuzeitlichen Philosophie

  • Helmuth Vetter
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Handbuch Rhetorik und Philosophie
This chapter is in the book Handbuch Rhetorik und Philosophie

Abstract

This article discusses early modern rationalist and empiricist philosophers in their relation to classical rhetoric. Those philosophers are in general concerned with creating foundations for a new thought which tries to get rid of the burdens of tradition. This already becomes significant at the level of titles like Baconʼs Novum Organon, Descartesʼ Meditations on First Philosophy or Leibnizʼs Nouveaux Essais sur l’entendement humain. Their attempt to anticipate something new frequently goes along with a more or less resolute criticism or rejection of classical rhetoric which is associated with the past. This rejection is, nevertheless, not based on a lack of rhetorical knowledge; most of the protagonists of early modern philosophy (Hobbes, Locke) had an accurate knowledge concerning rhetoric and had even given rhetoric lessons themselves. Moreover, all these authors can be considered excellent stylists. This results in a thoroughly ambivalent relationship to rhetoric, which can be determined in three ways: 1. From the perspective of most early modern philosophers (with the exception of Hume) rhetoric seems to be outdated and constitutes an obstacle for knowledge. 2. In order to put forward their genuinely philosophical projects both the rationalist and the empiricists have to admit that rhetoric proves to be unavoidable. 3. If it’s not possible to avoid rhetoric at all, then philosophers should at least be aware of the dangers and threads associated with rhetoric.

Abstract

This article discusses early modern rationalist and empiricist philosophers in their relation to classical rhetoric. Those philosophers are in general concerned with creating foundations for a new thought which tries to get rid of the burdens of tradition. This already becomes significant at the level of titles like Baconʼs Novum Organon, Descartesʼ Meditations on First Philosophy or Leibnizʼs Nouveaux Essais sur l’entendement humain. Their attempt to anticipate something new frequently goes along with a more or less resolute criticism or rejection of classical rhetoric which is associated with the past. This rejection is, nevertheless, not based on a lack of rhetorical knowledge; most of the protagonists of early modern philosophy (Hobbes, Locke) had an accurate knowledge concerning rhetoric and had even given rhetoric lessons themselves. Moreover, all these authors can be considered excellent stylists. This results in a thoroughly ambivalent relationship to rhetoric, which can be determined in three ways: 1. From the perspective of most early modern philosophers (with the exception of Hume) rhetoric seems to be outdated and constitutes an obstacle for knowledge. 2. In order to put forward their genuinely philosophical projects both the rationalist and the empiricists have to admit that rhetoric proves to be unavoidable. 3. If it’s not possible to avoid rhetoric at all, then philosophers should at least be aware of the dangers and threads associated with rhetoric.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Vorwort der Reihenherausgeber V
  3. Inhaltsverzeichnis VII
  4. Rhetorisches Philosophieren 1
  5. I. Historische Perspektiven: Von der Antike bis zum 19. Jahrhundert
  6. 1. Rhetorik und Philosophie im klassischen Griechenland 23
  7. 2. Rhetorik und Philosophie in hellenistischer Zeit und in Rom 53
  8. 3. Rhetoric and Philosophy in the Middle Ages 81
  9. 4. Rhetorik und Philosophie bei den Renaissancehumanisten 97
  10. 5. Rhetorik und Anti-Rhetorik in der frühneuzeitlichen Philosophie 123
  11. 6. Vico: Rhetorik als Metakritik der neuzeitlichen Erkenntnistheorie 147
  12. 7. Rhetorik und Philosophie bei Kant, im Deutschen Idealismus und in der Romantik 169
  13. 8. Rhetorik und Philosophie in der Frühgeschichte der philosophischen Ästhetik 189
  14. 9. Die Rückkehr der Philosophie zu Rede und Dialog: Vico, Hamann, Herder, Humboldt 217
  15. 10. Nietzsches rhetorische Philosophie der Rhetorik 239
  16. II. Aktualisierungen der Rhetorik im 20. Jahrhundert
  17. 11. Marxism and the Frankfurt School: Rhetoric as Critique 265
  18. 12 Philosophische Hermeneutik: Relektüren der rhetorischen Tradition 281
  19. 13. Pragmatismus und Pragmatik: Rhetorische Spuren in Theorien sprachlichen Handelns 303
  20. 14. Analytische Philosophie: Die andere Seite der Rhetorik 333
  21. 15. Dekonstruktion: Die Rhetorik im philosophischen Text 353
  22. 16. Psychoanalyse: Rhetorik als das Unbewusste der Philosophie 379
  23. 17. Feministische Philosophie und Gendertheorie: Rhetoriken des Körpers 399
  24. 18. Theorien der Metapher: Die Provokation der Philosophie durch das Unbegriffliche 421
  25. III. Philosophische Rhetorik im Kontext
  26. 19. Rhetorik und Argumentation in der Philosophie 451
  27. 20. Rhetorizität und Literarizität der Philosophie 473
  28. 21. Rhetorizität und Medialität 495
  29. 22. Rhetorik, Alterität und Responsivität 513
  30. 23. Rhetorik, Politik und radikale Demokratie 535
  31. 24. Rhetorik, Dissens und Widerstand 563
  32. 25. Rhetorik und Ethik 585
  33. 26. Rhetoric and the Emotions 617
  34. Beiträgerinnen und Beiträger 635
  35. Index 639
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