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Psychobiotic interventions attenuate chronic alcohol use-mediated exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder in rats: the role of gut-liver axis response

  • Elizabeth T. Akinluyi EMAIL logo , Edem E. Edem , Kelvin M. Dakoru , Chinaza J. Nnodim , Michael A. Oladipupo , Olusegun A. Adeoluwa , Abiola O. Obisesan , Benneth Ben-Azu and Olusegun G. Adebayo
Published/Copyright: December 21, 2022
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine
From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

The incidence of co-occurring alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high, and the presence of one disorder aggravates the severity of the other. Emerging evidence shows the neuroprotective and anti-inflammation functions of psychobiotics. Hence, the study explored the effects of probiotics and synbiotic inulin on the gut- and liver-oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in chronic alcohol exacerbation of PTSD symptoms in rats.

Methods

Young adult rats were administered 10% ethanol in a two-bottle choice test for six weeks and were subjected to single prolonged stress. Probiotics and synbiotic intervention followed this. Markers of oxido-inflammatory stress, liver functions, intestinal (faecal) metabolites, occludin expression, and histopathology of the ileum and liver were evaluated.

Results

Chronic alcohol drinking and PTSD increased oxido-inflammatory stress, markers of hepatic damage, and reduced faecal metabolites, which were attenuated by probiotic and synbiotic interventions. Furthermore, reduced immunoexpression of gut and liver occludin, with loss of barrier integrity, viable hepatocytes, congestive portal area, and shortened villi and crypt depth, were observed. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions mitigated these effects.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that psychobiotics mitigate the detrimental effects of co-occurring chronic alcohol intake in the context of PTSD.

Keywords: alcohol-use disorder; gut-liver axis; oxidative stress; post-traumatic stress disorder; probiotics; synbiotic
Corresponding author: Elizabeth T. Akinluyi, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria, E-mail:
Kelvin M. Dakoru, Chinaza J. Nnodim, and Michael A. Oladipupo contributed equally to this work.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the technical staff of the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, for their technical support.

  1. Research funding: The authors received no external funds for the research and publication of this article.

  2. Author contributions: Elizabeth T. Akinluyi: Conceptu-alization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing-Review & editing. Edem E. Edem: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing-review & editing. Kelvin M. Dakoru, Chinaza J. Nnodim, and Michael A. Oladipupo: Investigation, Resources. Olusegun A. Adeoluwa: Methodology, Super-vision, Resources, Review. Abiola O. Obisesan: Resources, Supervision. Benneth Ben-Azu: Writing-Review and editing. Olusegun G. Adebayo: Writing-Original draft preparation.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Afe Babalola University AB/EC/21/03/002.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2022-0353).

Received: 2022-09-29
Accepted: 2022-11-29
Published Online: 2022-12-21

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2022-0353
Keywords for this article
alcohol-use disorder; gut-liver axis; oxidative stress; post-traumatic stress disorder; probiotics; synbiotic

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Does acupuncture improve sexual dysfunction? A systematic review
  4. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – discussed under the light of Unani medicine
  5. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Celastrus paniculatus Wild.: a nootropic drug
  6. Low back pain patients’ perceived effectiveness of utilizing complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review of qualitative studies
  7. Efficacy and tolerability of Lavandula angustifolia in treating patients with the diagnosis of depression: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
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  18. Trends in the St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) research literature: a bibliometric analysis
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