Effects of crude methanol extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on Naja nigricollis venom-induce toxicity in Wistar rats

John Oluwamayokun Elijah; Mohammed Mamman; Dahiru Sani; Peter Ofemile Yusuf; Hindatu Yusuf; Mary Oluwatomisin Elijah; Samson James Enam; John Addra Abari; Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi; Dennis Otie

doi:10.1515/jcim-2022-0296

Article

Effects of crude methanol extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on Naja nigricollis venom-induce toxicity in Wistar rats

John Oluwamayokun Elijah , Mohammed Mamman , Dahiru Sani , Peter Ofemile Yusuf , Hindatu Yusuf , Mary Oluwatomisin Elijah , Samson James Enam , John Addra Abari , Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi and Dennis Otie

Published/Copyright: November 18, 2022

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From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of Crude Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata Fruit Pulp on Naja nigricollis Venom-Induce Toxicity in Wistar rats.

Methods

A. digitata was extracted using 70% methanol and median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of both the extract and venom were determined using the up-and-down method. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 10 groups of 6 rats each and were administered with normal saline, venom only, venom + antivenom, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg crude methanol extract (CME) pre-envenomation, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg CME post-envenomation, and venom + antivenom + 250 mg/kg CME, respectively. Blood samples were collected 8-h post-envenomation in EDTA and plain sample bottles. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) test was carried out on the EDTA blood samples while serum was harvested and used for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assays.

Results

LD₅₀ of the CME and venom was >5,000 mg/kg and 0.889 mg/kg, respectively. N. nigricollis-induced oxidative stress was evident in group B through increased % haemolysis, MDA and lowered SOD activities. The groups treated with antivenom only, 250 mg/kg CME post-envenomation and antivenom +250 mg/kg CME significantly (p<0.05) reduced EOF, MDA values and increased SOD. The CME revealed better ameliorative effect than protective via inhibition of EOF, MDA values and increased SOD activity.

Conclusions

The CME when administered singly showed more ameliorative properties and the combination of CME with antivenom for protection was not as effective as when compared to single administration.

Keywords: Adansonia digitata ; malondialdehyde; Naja nigricollis ; oxidative stress

Corresponding author: Dahiru Sani, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Phone: +2348064026034, E-mail: mdsani77@gmail.com

Funding source: Ahmadu Bello University

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Acknowledgments

The technical staff of the Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

Research funding: This work was supported by Ahmadu Bello University.
Author contributions: John Oluwamayokun Elijah: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Project administration. Mohammed Mamman: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Dahiru Sani: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft. Peter Ofemile Yusuf: Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Hindatu Yusuf: Writing – review & editing Mary Oluwatomisin Elijah: Investigation, Project administration. Samson James Enam: Investigation, Formal analysis John Addra Abari: Investigation. Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi: Investigation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Data Curation. Dennis Otie: Investigation.
Competing interests: None to be declared.
Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the tenets of Helsinki declaration and has been approved by Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Committee on Animal Use and Care with the approval number ABUCAUC/2021/117.

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Received: 2022-08-06

Revised: 2022-09-27

Accepted: 2022-11-07

Published Online: 2022-11-18

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2022-0296

Keywords for this article

Adansonia digitata; malondialdehyde; Naja nigricollis; oxidative stress