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Syntheses of cardanol-based cationic surfactants and their use in emulsion polymerisation

  • Rui Wang , Yuna Luo , Chuan-Jie Cheng EMAIL logo , Qing-Hua Huang , Hua-Shan Huang , Shuang-Lin Qin and Yuan-Ming Tu
Published/Copyright: April 22, 2016
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Chemical Papers
From the journal Chemical Papers Volume 70 Issue 9

Abstract

Six quaternary ammonium salts were designed and synthesised with moderate to high yields in three steps, based on cardanol, a low-cost and abundant renewable resource. The new ammonium salts can act as reactive surfactants due to their having both a hydrophilic ammonium group and a hydrophobic unsaturated alkyl chain. The gemini surfactants with a linker of a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain exhibited a relatively low CMC value(≤ 0.2 mmol L−1) and surface tension (≤ 27 mN m−1), signifying that this kind of amphiphile exhibited good surface active properties. The photo-active gemini surfactant with critical micelle concentration (CMC)of 0.05mmolL−1 was used successfully as the sole emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA).In addition, abenzyl bromide-containing surfactant can act as both an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator and an emulsifier in an activator generated by the electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) of MMA in emulsion. The value of the number-average molecular mass of the resulting cardanol-endpoly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is Mn, GPC = 45.1 kDa, with polydispersity of 1.39.

Keywords: cationic surfactant; cardanol; emulsion polymerisation; renewable resource; ATRP

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China (nos. 21264008 and 21564004), the 8th Foundation of Creativity and Study for College Students in Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University.

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Received: 2015-10-30
Revised: 2016-1-25
Accepted: 2016-1-29
Published Online: 2016-4-22
Published in Print: 2016-9-1

© 2016 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences

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https://doi.org/10.1515/chempap-2016-0052
Keywords for this article
cationic surfactant; cardanol; emulsion polymerisation; renewable resource; ATRP

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Review
  2. Plant extracts as “green” corrosion inhibitors for steel in sulphuric acid
  3. Original Paper
  4. Use of 6-O-mono-substituted derivatives of β-cyclodextrin-bearing substituent with two permanent positive charges in capillary electrophoresis
  5. Original Paper
  6. Development of ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods for determination of gadolinium in samples related to hospital waste water treatment
  7. Original Paper
  8. Alkyl glycosides as potential anti-Candida albicans growth agents
  9. Original Paper
  10. Preparation of corn stalk-based adsorbents and their specific application in metal ions adsorption
  11. Original Paper
  12. Treatment of metal-plating waste water by modified direct contact membrane distillation
  13. Original Paper
  14. Influence of pH and cationic surfactant on stability and interfacial properties of algerian bitumen emulsion
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  17. Original Paper
  18. Syntheses of cardanol-based cationic surfactants and their use in emulsion polymerisation
  19. Original Paper
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  31. Original Paper
  32. Chemoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in lactic acid without additive
  33. Original Paper
  34. Sorption properties of sheep wool irradiated by accelerated electron beam
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