A comparative study on direct production of ethyl levulinate from glucose in ethanol media catalysed by different acid catalysts
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Gui-Zhuan Xu
,
Chun Chang
Abstract
Direct production of ethyl levulinate (EL) from glucose catalysed by a liquid acid catalyst (sulfuric acid) and a solid acid zeolite catalyst USY NKF-7 (USY) in ethanol media was investigated in this study. Effects of the initial glucose concentration (C G0), reaction temperature (T), amount of acid catalyst, and water addition on the yields of EL were compared, respectively. The results show that higher yield of EL can be obtained at lower C G0. Higher temperature and acid concentration can accelerate the reaction rate, but the formation rate of the by-products increases more quickly than that of EL. Water addition also can result in the decrease of the yield of EL. Although sulfuric acid is efficient in the production of EL, the USY is more efficient in converting glucose to 5-ethoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. Moreover, the use of USY can limit the diethyl ether production, and it can be reused for multiple times.
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© 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- A comparative study on direct production of ethyl levulinate from glucose in ethanol media catalysed by different acid catalysts
- Model-based sensitivity analysis of a fluidised-bed bioreactor for mercury uptake by immobilised Pseudomonas putida cells
- Variability of total and mobile element contents in ash derived from biomass combustion
- Pigmentary properties of rutile TiO2 modified with cerium, phosphorus, potassium, and aluminium
- Efficient synthesis of carbon nanotubes with improved surface area by low-temperature solvothermal route from dichlorobenzene
- Surface modification of quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles with PEG-conjugated chitosan derivatives for biological applications
- Comparative study of particle size analysis of hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials
- Synthesis of cinnamic acid-derived 4,5-dihydrooxazoles
- Thermodynamic properties of dimethyl phthalate + vinyl acetate, diethyl phthalate + vinyl acetate or bromocyclohexane, and dibutyl phthalate + vinyl acetate or 1,2-dichlorobenzene at T = 298.15–308.15 K
- Temperature-dependent volumetric and viscometric properties of amino acids in aqueous solutions of an antibiotic drug
- DFT study of free radical scavenging activity of erodiol
- QSAR study of amidino bis-benzimidazole derivatives as potent anti-malarial agents against Plasmodium falciparum
- Alternative two-step route to khellactone analogues using silica tungstic acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate
