Phytochemical, sub-acute toxicity, and antibacterial evaluation of Cordia sebestena leaf extracts
-
Adeleke Osho
,
Charles B. Adeosun
Abstract
Background: In Nigeria, Cordia sebestena (Boraginaceae), an understudied medicinal plant, is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, antibacterial potential, and sub-acute toxicity of C. sebestena leaves.
Methods: Ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The antibacterial potential of the extracts was tested against five standard bacteria, namely Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical observations and blood parameters were used to evaluate the possible toxicity of C. sebestena.
Results: The TLC profile yielded 39 fractions, which were pooled to nine combined sub-fractions (A–I). The FTIR spectrum of sub-fraction H indicated the presence of aliphatic C-H stretching vibration at 2922 and 2850 cm−1, C=O stretch at 1734 and 1708 cm−1, and C=C stretch of aromatics and aliphatics at 1464 and (shoulder) 1618 cm−1, respectively. The fractions of the C. sebestena ethyl acetate leaf extract showed antibacterial potential across board, but fraction H had the highest antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. aureus. The study also indicated the relatively low toxicity profile of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. sebestena in the liver of rats.
Conclusions: The study showed that C. sebestena leaves have strong antibacterial potential and low toxicity, thereby underlying the scientific basis for their folkloric use in the management of microbial infections and its associated complications.
References
1. Atolani O, Olatunji GA. Comprehensive scientific demystification of Kigelia africana: a review. Afr J Pure Appl Chem 2009;3: 158–64.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Graham JG, Quinn ML, Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR. Plants used against cancer – an extension of the work of Jonathan Hartwell. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:347–77.10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00341-XSuche in Google Scholar
3. Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981–2002. J Nat Prod 2003;66:1022–37.10.1021/np030096lSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Verpoorte R. Pharmacognosy in the new millennium: lead finding and biotechnology. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52:253–62.10.1211/0022357001773931Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Verpoorte R, Kim HK, Choi YH. Plants as source of medicines, new perspectives. In: Bogers RJ, Craker LE, Lange D, editors. Medicinal and aromatic plants. The Netherlands: Springer, 2006:261–73.10.1007/1-4020-5449-1_19Suche in Google Scholar
6. Gilman FE, Watson GD. Cordia sebestena, Geiger-tree. Adapted from Fact Sheet ST-182 of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 1993.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Dai J, Sorribas A, Yoshida YW, Williams GP. Sebestenoids A–D, BACE1 inhibitors from Cordia sebestena. Phytochemistry 2010;71:2168–73.10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.09.008Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
8. Agunbiade FO, Adeosun CB, Daramola GG. Nutritional properties and potential values of Cordia sebestena seed and seed oil. GIDA 2013;38:127–33.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Sarathchandiran I, Gnanavel M. Anti-diabetic activity of the isolated compounds of cordia sebestena in high fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Biol Pharm Res 2013;4:1050–6.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Adeosun CB, Sinmisola S, Opeifa AO, Atolani O. Essential oil from the stem bark of Cordia sebestena Scavenges Free Radicals. J Acute Med 2013;3:138–41.10.1016/j.jacme.2013.07.002Suche in Google Scholar
11. Atolani O, Oluwatimilehin O, Kayode OO, Oluwaseeni Adeniyi O, Adeosun CB. In vitro antioxidant potential of fatty acids obtained by direct transmethylation from fresh Cordia sebestena flowers. Ann Trop Res 2014;3:104–14.10.32945/atr3626.2014Suche in Google Scholar
12. Gloria L, Ik-Soo L, Douglas K. Special problems with the extraction of plants. In: Cannell RJP, editor. Natural products isolation. Methods in biotechnology, vol. 4. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 1998;343–63.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Lyudmila B, Sirigan D, Radka K, Katsarov N, Gergova G, Mitov I, et al. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro by Bulgarian propolis. Preliminary report. J Med Microbiol 2003;52:417–9.10.1099/jmm.0.04895-0Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Kilani-Jaziri S, Bhouri W, Skandrani I, Limem I, Chekir-Ghedira L, Ghedira K. Phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antigenotoxic potentials of Cyperus rotundus extracts. S Afr J Bot 2011;77:767–76.10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.015Suche in Google Scholar
15. Otuechere CA, Madarikan G, Simisola T, Bankole O, Osho A. Virgin coconut oil protects against liver damage in albino rats challenged with the anti-folate combination, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014;25:249–53.10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0059Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Mustarichie R, Udin LZ, Supriyatna M. Identification and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of luffa acutangula roxb. Med Health Sci J 2012;12:70–7.10.15208/mhsj.2012.49Suche in Google Scholar
17. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microb Rev 1999;12:564–82.10.1128/CMR.12.4.564Suche in Google Scholar
18. Tatiya AU, Tapadiya GG, Sneha Kotecha S, Surana SJ. Effect of solvents on total phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Bridelia retusa Spreng stem bark. Indian J Nat Prod Res 2011;2:442–7.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Idris S, Ndukwe GI, Gimba CE. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of seed extracts of Persea americana (avocado pear). Bayero J Pure Appl Sci 2009;2:173–6.10.4314/bajopas.v2i1.58538Suche in Google Scholar
20. D’Arcy PF. Adverse reactions and interactions with herbal medicines. Part I: adverse reactions. Adverse Drug Reactions Toxicol Rev 1991;10:189–208.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Sarathchandiran I, Gnanavel M. Experimental researches on preclinical toxicity studies of ethanol leaf extract of Cordia sebestena. Int J Res Phytochem Pharmacol 2013;3:116–20.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Shettima Y, Tijjani MA, Karumi Y, Sodipo OA, Mala GA. Toxicity studies of ethyl acetate root extract of Guiera senegalensis in rats. JPSI 2013;2:1–6.Suche in Google Scholar
23. Chandana R, Basini J, Reddy JS. Hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant effect of cordia sebestena in animal model. Int J Pharmacol Toxicol 2014;4:181–9.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Otuechere CA, Abarikwu SO, Rufai MA, Ohiozoje AE, Martins E, Farombi EO. Protective effects of vitamin C against propane induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012;2:S212–7.10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60154-6Suche in Google Scholar
25. Malomo SO. Toxicological implication of ceftriaxone administration in rats. Niger J Biochem Mol Biol 2000;15:33–8.Suche in Google Scholar
26. Iniagbe OM, Malomo SO, Adebayo JO. Proximate composition and phytochemical constitution of leaves of some acalypha species. Pak J Nutr 2009;8:256–8.10.3923/pjn.2009.256.258Suche in Google Scholar
27. Adeyemi OO, Elujoba AA, Odesanmi WO. Evaluation of the toxicity potential of Cassia podocarpa with reference to official senna. W Africa J Pharm Drug Res 1998;8:41–7.Suche in Google Scholar
©2016 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Ulinastatin – a newer potential therapeutic option for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Amitriptyline and phenytoin prevents memory deficit in sciatic nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain
- Anti-nociceptive activity of a few structurally related trimethoxy flavones and possible mechanisms involved
- Oxidative Stress
- A mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation of efficacy of Flacourtia indica in management of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats
- Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro
- Biochemical effects of lead exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant status of battery manufacturing workers of Western Maharashtra, India
- Hematological Profile
- Phenotypic variations in osmotic lysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic glucose media
- Infection
- Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in a tertiary care hospital
- Phytotherapy
- Phytochemical, sub-acute toxicity, and antibacterial evaluation of Cordia sebestena leaf extracts
- Short Communication
- Leaching from the stratum corneum does not explain the previously reported elevated potassium ion concentration in sweat
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Ulinastatin – a newer potential therapeutic option for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Amitriptyline and phenytoin prevents memory deficit in sciatic nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain
- Anti-nociceptive activity of a few structurally related trimethoxy flavones and possible mechanisms involved
- Oxidative Stress
- A mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation of efficacy of Flacourtia indica in management of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats
- Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro
- Biochemical effects of lead exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant status of battery manufacturing workers of Western Maharashtra, India
- Hematological Profile
- Phenotypic variations in osmotic lysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic glucose media
- Infection
- Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in a tertiary care hospital
- Phytotherapy
- Phytochemical, sub-acute toxicity, and antibacterial evaluation of Cordia sebestena leaf extracts
- Short Communication
- Leaching from the stratum corneum does not explain the previously reported elevated potassium ion concentration in sweat
