Abstract
Vacuum membrane distillation was used to concentrate organic solutions containing mainly 1,3-propanediol, ethanol and carboxylic acids. The studied solutions were permeates obtained from nanofiltration process applied for the separation of broths from the fermentation of glycerol with the Citrobacter freundii bacteria. The presence of organic solutes decreased the surface tension of permeates to the value of 47 mN m−1. However, the pores inside the used polypropylene membranes were not wetted by the post-fermentation solutions, and they were concentrated to over five-fold. It was shown that vacuum membrane distillation has over twice higher thermal efficiency compared to that obtained by direct contact membrane distillation.
Acknowledgements. The studies were performed within the framework of project no. 01.01.02-00-074/09 co-founded by the European Union from the European Regional Development Funds within the framework of the Innovative Economy Operational Programme 2007-2013.
Symbols
| B | shape coefficient | |
| cp | specific heat capacity | J kg−1 K−1 |
| dp | pore diameter | m |
| ΔH | vapor enthalpy | J kg−1 |
| J | permeate flux | L m−2 h−1 |
| L | module length | m |
| m | mass flux | kg s−1 |
| P | hydraulic pressure | N m−2 |
| p | partial pressure | N m−2 |
| Q | heat | W |
| s | membrane thickness | m |
| T | temperature | K |
| t | time | h |
| Greek Letters | ||
|---|---|---|
| υ | flow rate | m s−1 |
| Θ | contact angle | ∘ |
| εT | thermal efficiency | % |
| λm | membrane heat coefficient | W m−1 K−1 |
| Subscripts | |
|---|---|
| D | distillate |
| F | feed |
| in | inlet |
| m | membrane |
| out | outlet |
| 1 | boundary layer on the feed side |
| 2 | boundary layer on the distillate side |
References
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© 2016 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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