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Chapter 11 Bioaccumulation of legacy and novel PFAS in the environment

  • Hesham Taher und Rainer Lohmann
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Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances

Abstract

The bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), both legacy and novel, in the environment presents significant ecological and health risks. PFAS are a diverse group of synthetic chemicals known for their persistence and bioaccumulation, which can cause widespread environmental contamination and health risks. Strong carbon-fluorine bonds give these compounds unparalleled stability, preventing them from degrading and enabling them to endure in a range of environmental matrices, including water, soil, and biota. Legacy PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), have been extensively studied and regulated, resulting in lower concentrations in some environmental media. However, novel PFAS, which are frequently used as substitutes, are becoming more prevalent and pose new challenges due to their poorly understood toxicological profiles. Bioaccumulation studies show that PFAS concentrations are higher in organisms near contamination hotspots, such as fluorochemical manufactures, than in other regions. These compounds accumulate in protein-rich tissues and can spread through food chains, affecting both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The bioaccumulation of PFAS in agricultural settings is also a concern, as these chemicals can enter the food supply via contaminated crops and livestock, necessitating additional research to understand their uptake and lessen exposure. In this chapter, we look at birds as indicators of both terrestrial and marine PFAS contamination, in particular seabirds. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of PFAS on marine mammals by combining data on tissue concentrations from the sub-Antarctic, Antarctic, and Arctic regions. There is ample evidence for PFAS accumulation in terrestrial and aquatic plants. In addition, we review the concepts of biomagnification and bioaccumulation, marine mammals and seabirds typically displaying the highest trophic magnification factors (TMFs) and field-derived biomagnification factors (BMFs) for PFAS.

Abstract

The bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), both legacy and novel, in the environment presents significant ecological and health risks. PFAS are a diverse group of synthetic chemicals known for their persistence and bioaccumulation, which can cause widespread environmental contamination and health risks. Strong carbon-fluorine bonds give these compounds unparalleled stability, preventing them from degrading and enabling them to endure in a range of environmental matrices, including water, soil, and biota. Legacy PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), have been extensively studied and regulated, resulting in lower concentrations in some environmental media. However, novel PFAS, which are frequently used as substitutes, are becoming more prevalent and pose new challenges due to their poorly understood toxicological profiles. Bioaccumulation studies show that PFAS concentrations are higher in organisms near contamination hotspots, such as fluorochemical manufactures, than in other regions. These compounds accumulate in protein-rich tissues and can spread through food chains, affecting both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The bioaccumulation of PFAS in agricultural settings is also a concern, as these chemicals can enter the food supply via contaminated crops and livestock, necessitating additional research to understand their uptake and lessen exposure. In this chapter, we look at birds as indicators of both terrestrial and marine PFAS contamination, in particular seabirds. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of PFAS on marine mammals by combining data on tissue concentrations from the sub-Antarctic, Antarctic, and Arctic regions. There is ample evidence for PFAS accumulation in terrestrial and aquatic plants. In addition, we review the concepts of biomagnification and bioaccumulation, marine mammals and seabirds typically displaying the highest trophic magnification factors (TMFs) and field-derived biomagnification factors (BMFs) for PFAS.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword VII
  3. Preface IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. List of contributors XIII
  6. Chapter 1 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: issues and challenges 1
  7. Chapter 2 PFAS: an overview of their physicochemical properties and implications 13
  8. Chapter 3 Sources of PFAS in the environment 61
  9. Chapter 4 Occurrence, nature, and extent of PFAS contamination in the environment 83
  10. Chapter 5 Analytical techniques for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) 143
  11. Chapter 6 Nontarget screening approaches for PFAS and their applications on contaminated sites 169
  12. Chapter 7 Dynamic transport, sorption, and desorption of PFAS in water-saturated and unsaturated soils 201
  13. Chapter 8 From contamination to clarity: evaluating the role of groundwater modeling in managing and remediating PFAS plumes 319
  14. Chapter 9 Assessment of environmental risk 337
  15. Chapter 10 Biomonitoring and health effects of PFAS exposure 399
  16. Chapter 11 Bioaccumulation of legacy and novel PFAS in the environment 495
  17. Chapter 12 Toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in plants and microbes 519
  18. Chapter 13 PFAS treatment and remediation 567
  19. Chapter 14 A zero PFAS future: transitioning away from forever chemicals 599
  20. Chapter 15 Regulatory perspectives on PFAS 615
  21. Index 631
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110796797-011

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword VII
  3. Preface IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. List of contributors XIII
  6. Chapter 1 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: issues and challenges 1
  7. Chapter 2 PFAS: an overview of their physicochemical properties and implications 13
  8. Chapter 3 Sources of PFAS in the environment 61
  9. Chapter 4 Occurrence, nature, and extent of PFAS contamination in the environment 83
  10. Chapter 5 Analytical techniques for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) 143
  11. Chapter 6 Nontarget screening approaches for PFAS and their applications on contaminated sites 169
  12. Chapter 7 Dynamic transport, sorption, and desorption of PFAS in water-saturated and unsaturated soils 201
  13. Chapter 8 From contamination to clarity: evaluating the role of groundwater modeling in managing and remediating PFAS plumes 319
  14. Chapter 9 Assessment of environmental risk 337
  15. Chapter 10 Biomonitoring and health effects of PFAS exposure 399
  16. Chapter 11 Bioaccumulation of legacy and novel PFAS in the environment 495
  17. Chapter 12 Toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in plants and microbes 519
  18. Chapter 13 PFAS treatment and remediation 567
  19. Chapter 14 A zero PFAS future: transitioning away from forever chemicals 599
  20. Chapter 15 Regulatory perspectives on PFAS 615
  21. Index 631
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Heruntergeladen am 4.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110796797-011/html
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