23 Word classes in Ladin
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Jan Casalicchio
Abstract
This chapter discusses word classes in Ladin, a Romance regional language spoken in the Italian Dolomites. First, I give a general overview of its properties, highlighting the cases in which they differ from what we find in other Romance languages. Then, I illustrate in detail some cases that are particularly interesting because they either show a blurring of the traditional distinctions, or they represent cases in which the same element can belong to different word classes. This usually happens when an element that belongs to a single class develops a further meaning, which is typically expressed by a different class. The cases discussed comprise the numeral one, the demonstrative chël ‘that’ used as article and as introducer of relative clauses, prepositional phrases used as adjectives, the use of personal pronouns as nouns, clitic pronouns, the ‘Verb + Locative’ construction, modal particles, and additive particles.
Abstract
This chapter discusses word classes in Ladin, a Romance regional language spoken in the Italian Dolomites. First, I give a general overview of its properties, highlighting the cases in which they differ from what we find in other Romance languages. Then, I illustrate in detail some cases that are particularly interesting because they either show a blurring of the traditional distinctions, or they represent cases in which the same element can belong to different word classes. This usually happens when an element that belongs to a single class develops a further meaning, which is typically expressed by a different class. The cases discussed comprise the numeral one, the demonstrative chël ‘that’ used as article and as introducer of relative clauses, prepositional phrases used as adjectives, the use of personal pronouns as nouns, clitic pronouns, the ‘Verb + Locative’ construction, modal particles, and additive particles.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Manuals of Romance Linguistics V
- Table of Contents VII
- Abbreviations XI
- Introduction 1
-
I. Romance word classes: theoretical and historical foundations
- 1 Theoretical foundation for a classification of words 13
- 2 How to classify words 41
- 3 Word classes in the history of Western grammar 69
- 4 Parts of speech in the Romance grammars of the Renaissance 97
-
II. Word classes in the major Romance languages
- 5 Nouns 117
- 6 Adjectives 147
- 7 Determiners 177
- 8 Pronouns 207
- 9 Quantifiers 237
- 10 Negation and negative expressions 265
- 11 Verb classes 297
- 12 Auxiliary verbs 325
- 13 Grammatical categories of the verb 345
- 14 Verbal categories expressing syntactic dependencies 367
- 15 Adverbs 401
- 16 Focalisers 431
- 17 Modal particles 449
- 18 Prepositions 471
- 19 Conjunctions 499
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III. Word classes in smaller Romance varieties
- 20 Word classes in Occitan 527
- 21 Word classes in Sardinian 549
- 22 Word classes in Romansh 575
- 23 Word classes in Ladin 607
- 24 Word classes in Northern Italian dialects 633
- 25 Word classes in Southern Italian dialects 661
- 26 Word classes in Romance-related Creoles 689
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IV. Romance word classes and their interfaces: new horizons
- 27 Word classes and psycholinguistics 725
- 28 Word classes and learner varieties 743
- 29 Word classes and corpus linguistics 769
- 30 Word classes and neurolinguistics 797
- 31 Exploring the behaviour of connectives within a textometric perspective 819
- Index 843
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Manuals of Romance Linguistics V
- Table of Contents VII
- Abbreviations XI
- Introduction 1
-
I. Romance word classes: theoretical and historical foundations
- 1 Theoretical foundation for a classification of words 13
- 2 How to classify words 41
- 3 Word classes in the history of Western grammar 69
- 4 Parts of speech in the Romance grammars of the Renaissance 97
-
II. Word classes in the major Romance languages
- 5 Nouns 117
- 6 Adjectives 147
- 7 Determiners 177
- 8 Pronouns 207
- 9 Quantifiers 237
- 10 Negation and negative expressions 265
- 11 Verb classes 297
- 12 Auxiliary verbs 325
- 13 Grammatical categories of the verb 345
- 14 Verbal categories expressing syntactic dependencies 367
- 15 Adverbs 401
- 16 Focalisers 431
- 17 Modal particles 449
- 18 Prepositions 471
- 19 Conjunctions 499
-
III. Word classes in smaller Romance varieties
- 20 Word classes in Occitan 527
- 21 Word classes in Sardinian 549
- 22 Word classes in Romansh 575
- 23 Word classes in Ladin 607
- 24 Word classes in Northern Italian dialects 633
- 25 Word classes in Southern Italian dialects 661
- 26 Word classes in Romance-related Creoles 689
-
IV. Romance word classes and their interfaces: new horizons
- 27 Word classes and psycholinguistics 725
- 28 Word classes and learner varieties 743
- 29 Word classes and corpus linguistics 769
- 30 Word classes and neurolinguistics 797
- 31 Exploring the behaviour of connectives within a textometric perspective 819
- Index 843
