Band 72, Heft 6

This article provides a review of the latest experimental results in quantum physics and astrophysics, discussing their repercussions on the advanced physical theories that go beyond both the SMs (standard models) of particle physics and cosmology. It will be shown that many of the essential concepts of the advanced theoretical models developed over the past 40 years are no longer tenable because they are contradicting the novel data. Most recent results (December 2016) from the Large Hadron Collider revealed no new matter particles up to particle masses of 1.6 TeV/c 2 , which is in accordance with recent ACME experimental data (2014) that saw no electric dipole moment for the electron as predicted by these theories. Moreover, the LUX experiment (since 2013) did not see any dark matter particles either, thus independently supporting LHC and ACME measurements. Furthermore, experimental particle physics seems to be telling us that dark matter particles (LHC results) do not exist, suggesting that dark matter particles either are more exotic or are more difficult to detect than had been predicted in the past decades (less likely with recent LHC results). Astrophysical observations since 1933, starting with Caltech astronomer Zwicky, however, have provided irrefutable evidence for the existence of dark matter, for instance, based on the phenomenon of gravitational lensing as well as observed rotational velocities of stars orbiting the galactic center that are deviating from Newton’s law. Surprisingly, recent astronomical observations by Bidin, ESO (2010, 2012, 2014), seem to indicate the absence of dark matter within galaxies. In addition, cosmology at present has no explanation for about 68 % of the energy in the Universe that comes in the form of dark energy. Recently, measured data from three entirely different types of experiments both on earth and in space (2006–2011) are hinting at completely novel features of gravity that, if confirmed, must be outside Einstein’s general relativity. Extreme gravitomagnetic and gravity-like fields may have been observed at cryogenic temperatures generated by a rotating ring or disk. However, these experimental results are not conclusive so far. The strength of these extreme fields has been calculated and, according to the respective equations, should be sufficient to serve as a basis for a gravitational technology that, for example, could establish long sought field propulsion (i.e. propulsion without fuel), actively researched by physicists and rocket engineers in the 1960s and 1990s. This article concludes with an outlook on the novel technology of gravitational engineering that might follow from gravity-like fields and discusses the novel physical concepts resulting from the existence of these extreme gravitomagnetic fields.

The mechanical, dynamical and thermodynamic properties of Al-3wt%Mg have been investigated using the first-principles method. The calculated structural parameter is in good agreement with previous works. Results for the elastic modulus, stress-strain relationships, ideal tensile and shear strengths are presented. Al-3wt%Mg is found to have larger moduli and higher strengths than Al, which is consistent with its exploitation in Al precipitate-hardening mechanisms. The partial density of states (PDOS) show that the partly covalent-like bonding through Al p-Mg s hybridization is the origin of excellent mechanical properties of Al-3wt%Mg. The phonon dispersion curves indicate that Al-3wt%Mg is dynamically stable at ambient pressure and 0 K. Furthermore, the Helmholtz free energy Δ F , the entropy S , the constant-volume specific heat C V and the phonon contribution to the internal energy Δ E are predicted using the phonon density of states. We expect that our work can provide useful guidance to help with the performance of Al-3wt%Mg.

Slugs and bubbles two-phase flow patterns dynamics in a minichannel are analysed. During the experiment, the volume flow rates of air and water were changed. We study transition of bubbles to slugs two-phase flow patterns using Fourier and multifractal approaches to optical transitivity signal. The sequences of light transmission time series are recorded by a laser-phototransistor sensor. Multifractal analysis helps to identify the two-phase structure and estimate the signal complexity. Especially, we discuss occurrence and identification of a self-aggregation phenomenon. These results are compared to corresponding Fourier spectra. The results indicate that the fractality is a an important factor influencing the distribution of the gas phase in water.

We obtain the quantised momentum solutions, 𝒫 n , of the Feinberg-Horodecki equation. We study the space-like coherent states for the space-like counterpart of the Schrödinger equation with trigonometric Pöschl-Teller potential that is constructed by temporal counterpart of the spatial Pöschl-Teller potential.

A new perturbation method, multiple scales Lindstedt–Poincare (MSLP) is applied to jerk equations with cubic nonlinearities. Three different jerk equations are investigated. Approximate analytical solutions and periods are obtained using MSLP method. Both approximate analytical solutions and periods are contrasted with numerical and exact results. For the case of strong nonlinearities, obtained results are in good agreement with numerical and exact ones.

A topological index can be considered as transformation of chemical structure in to real number. In QSAR/QSPR study, physicochemical properties and topological indices such as Randić, Zagreb, atom-bond connectivity ABC , and geometric-arithmetic GA index are used to predict the bioactivity of chemical compounds. Dendrimers are highly branched, star-shaped macromolecules with nanometer-scale dimensions. Dendrimers are defined by three components: a central core, an interior dendritic structure (the branches), and an exterior surface with functional surface groups. In this paper we determine generalised Randić, general Zagreb, general sum-connectivity indices of poly(propyl) ether imine, porphyrin, and zinc-Porphyrin dendrimers. We also compute ABC and GA indices of these families of dendrimers.

Tetragonal phase of Zr x Ti 1− x O 2 ternary alloys is studied using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) projector augmented wave-based density functional theory (DFT). The calculations are used to characterize alloying effects of Zr substituting Ti in tutile TiO 2 . Band gap calculations show a direct band gap at x =0, while at other concentrations, an indirect band gap is observed. Electronic structure analysis shows that Zr alloying is capable of lowering the band gap transition of Zr x Ti 1− x O 2 at x =1 by the presence of an impurity state of transition metal Zr 5S 2 on the upper edge of the valence band. The addition of Zr also results in the corresponding increment in lattice constant with the material becoming more ductile and malleable.

Many types of topological indices such as degree-based topological indices, distance-based topological indices, and counting-related topological indices are explored during past recent years. Among degree-based topological indices, Zagreb indices are the oldest one and studied well. In the paper, we define a generalised multiplicative version of these indices and compute exact formulas for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and jagged-rectangle Benzenoid systems.

It has been shown by various authors that gravomagnetic field can produce lensing effect. The effect of such a gravitational body with gravomagnetic mass on the trajectory of light ray is discussed in this paper. The light deflection angle has been calculated in the present works, considering upto fourth order terms. Schwarzschild light deflection angle can be obtained from this expression, by setting gravomagnetic mass equals to zero. However, for a hypothetical massless, gravomagnetic monopole, the light deflection angle does not reduce to zero.

The electrical conductivity of molten TeCl 4 was measured up to 761K, i.e. 106 degrees above the normal boiling point of the salt. For the first time it was found that TeCl 4 electrical conductivity polytherm has a maximum. It was recorded at 705K ( κ max =0.245 Sm/cm), whereupon the conductivity decreases as the temperature rises. The activation energy of electrical conductivity was calculated.