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A unified equation for the viscosity of pure liquid metals

  • George Kaptay EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Dezember 2021
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International Journal of Materials Research
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Materials Research Band 96 Heft 1

Abstract

The following unified equation has been elaborated in the present paper, to describe the viscosity of all liquid metals as a function of temperature:

ηi=A⋅Mi1/2Vi2/3⋅T1/2⋅exp(B⋅Tm,iT)

with ηi, Mi , Vi, Tm,i being the dynamic viscosity, atomic mass, molar volume and melting point of the given metal i, and T is temperature. The above equation was tested on 101 measured points of 15 selected liquid metals, and the average values of the generally valid parameters were found as: A = (1.80 ± 0.39) · 10–8 (J/Kmol1/3)1/2, B = 2.34 ± 0.20. Based on these parameters, the temperature dependence of viscosity was estimated for 32 liquid metals. The above equation was derived by (i) combining Andrade’s equation with the activation energy concept, and (ii) by combining Andrade’s equation with the free volume concept. It is shown, that the activation energy and the free volume concepts have identical roots and lead to identical results. The above equation is shown to be valid for liquid semi-metals (Si, Ge, Sb, Bi), if their actual melting points are replaced by their corrected melting points, corresponding to (unstable) metallic solid crystals. The ratio of viscosity to surface tension of pure liquid metals is discussed, as well.

Keywords: Viscosity; Liquid metals; Modelling; Activation energy; Free Volume; Temperature dependence
Prof. Dr. G. Kaptay University of Miskole Department of Chemistry Miskolc Egyetemvaros Hungary 3515 Tel.: +46 565 114 Fax: +46 565 491

This work was financed by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under OTKA T037626.

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Received: 2004-03-10
Accepted: 2004-08-24
Published Online: 2021-12-09

© 2005 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Articles BBasic
  5. Interdiffusion, Kirkendall effect, and Al self-diffusion in iron–aluminium alloys
  6. Permanent magnet alloys based on Sm2Co17; phase evolution in the quinary system Sm–Zr–Fe–Co–Cu
  7. A unified equation for the viscosity of pure liquid metals
  8. Calorimetric Study of Mg2Zn3
  9. Calorimetric investigations of the two ternary systems Al–Sn–Zn and Ag–Sn–Zn
  10. Articles AApplied
  11. Precipitation of the β-phase in Al–Mg alloys
  12. Mechanical properties of saffil fiber reinforced Zinc–Aluminium alloy (ZA 27) produced by pressure die casting
  13. Deformation and fracture mechanisms of Al2O3/Nb/Al2O3 composites under compression
  14. Kinetics and dynamics of hot deformation of OFHC copper in extended temperature and strain rate ranges
  15. Mechanism and kinetics of aging of high-strength Cu-5 wt.% Ni-2.5 wt.% Ti
  16. Microstructural evolution of Al–Ni–Y powders with different sizes
  17. Thermodynamic investigations of Bi–Cd, In–Pb, and Ni–Pd liquid alloys
  18. Instructions for authors
  19. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  20. Richtlinien für autoren
  21. Personal/ Personelles
  22. Press / Presse
  23. Conferences /Konferenzen
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2005-0004
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Viscosity; Liquid metals; Modelling; Activation energy; Free Volume; Temperature dependence

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Articles BBasic
  5. Interdiffusion, Kirkendall effect, and Al self-diffusion in iron–aluminium alloys
  6. Permanent magnet alloys based on Sm2Co17; phase evolution in the quinary system Sm–Zr–Fe–Co–Cu
  7. A unified equation for the viscosity of pure liquid metals
  8. Calorimetric Study of Mg2Zn3
  9. Calorimetric investigations of the two ternary systems Al–Sn–Zn and Ag–Sn–Zn
  10. Articles AApplied
  11. Precipitation of the β-phase in Al–Mg alloys
  12. Mechanical properties of saffil fiber reinforced Zinc–Aluminium alloy (ZA 27) produced by pressure die casting
  13. Deformation and fracture mechanisms of Al2O3/Nb/Al2O3 composites under compression
  14. Kinetics and dynamics of hot deformation of OFHC copper in extended temperature and strain rate ranges
  15. Mechanism and kinetics of aging of high-strength Cu-5 wt.% Ni-2.5 wt.% Ti
  16. Microstructural evolution of Al–Ni–Y powders with different sizes
  17. Thermodynamic investigations of Bi–Cd, In–Pb, and Ni–Pd liquid alloys
  18. Instructions for authors
  19. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  20. Richtlinien für autoren
  21. Personal/ Personelles
  22. Press / Presse
  23. Conferences /Konferenzen
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