In Situ Assembly of LDPE/PA6 Multilayer Structure by Stirring
-
P. Pongmuksuwan
Abstract
A coextrusion apparatus was developed to fabricate low-density polyethylene/polyamide 6 (LDPE/PA6) multilayer films. Unlike the feedblocks used in conventional coextrusion, the apparatus consists of a stirring rod, which stretches and folds the polymer components. On rotating the stirring rod, the lower viscosity phase migrates to high shear regions (stirring rod surface), thereby contributing to the formation of a multilayer structure. The desired multilayer structure was achieved at the optimum stirring speed (0.013 m s−1), volumetric flow rate of LDPE (5.8 × 10−6 m3 s−1), and volumetric flow rate of PA6 (1.5 × 10−6 m3 s−1). The LDPE/PA6 multilayer film had higher tensile and puncture resistance properties compared to that produced from conventional coextrusion, indicating the potential of the proposed apparatus for multilayer polymer film production.
References
Azlin-Hasim, S., Cruz-Romero, M. C., Cummins, E., Kerry, J. P. and Morris, M. A., “The Potential Use of a Layer-by-Layer Strategy to Develop LDPE Antimicrobial Films Coated with Silver Nanoparticles for Packaging Applications”, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 461, 239–248 (2016) 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.021Suche in Google Scholar
Briassoulis, D., Tserotas, P. and Hiskakis, M., “Mechanical and Degradation Behaviour of Multilayer Barrier Films”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 143, 214–230 (2017) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.07.019Suche in Google Scholar
Carr, J. M., Langhe, D. S., Ponting, M. T., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., “Confined Crystallization in Polymer Nanolayered Films: A Review”, J. Mater. Res., 27, 1326–1350 (2012) 10.1557/jmr.2012.17Suche in Google Scholar
Cheng, J., Pu, H. and Du, J., “A Processing Method with High Efficiency for Low Density Polyethylene Nanofibers Reinforced by Aligned Carbon Nanotubes via Nanolayer Coextrusion”, Polymer, 111, 222–228 (2017) 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.026Suche in Google Scholar
Dhoble, A., Kulshreshtha, B., Ramaswami, S. and Zumbrunnen, D. A., “Mechanical Properties of PP-LDPE Blends with Novel Morphologies Produced with a Continuous Chaotic Advection Blender”, Polymer, 46, 2244–2256 (2015) 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.057Suche in Google Scholar
Dooley, J., Tung, H.: Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (2002)Suche in Google Scholar
Dooley, J., Hyun, K. S. and Hughes, K., “An Experimental Study on The Effect of Polymer Viscoelasticity on Layer Rearrangement in Coextruded Structures”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 38, 1060–1071 (1998) 10.1002/pen.10274Suche in Google Scholar
Dooley, J., Rudolph, L., “Viscous and Elastic Effects in Polymer Coextrusion”, J. Plast. Film Sheet., 19, 111–122 (2003) 10.1177/8756087903039575Suche in Google Scholar
Erdmann, E., Acosta, D., Pita, V. J. R. R., Monasterio, F. E., Carrera, M. C., Dias, M. L. and Destéfanis, H. A., “Effect of the Organoclay Preparation on the Extent of Intercalation/exfoliation and Barrier Properties of Polyethylene/PA6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, 2467–2474 (2010) 10.1002/app.32560Suche in Google Scholar
Feng, J., Li, Z., Olah, A. and Baer, E., “High Oxygen Barrier Multilayer EVOH/LDPE Film/Foam”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 135, 46425 (2018) 10.1002/app.46425Suche in Google Scholar
Goulas, A. E., Riganakos, K. A. and Kontominas, M. G., “Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Commercial Multilayer Coextruded Flexible Plastics Packaging Materials”, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 68, 865–872 (2003) 10.1016/S0969–806X(03)00298–6Suche in Google Scholar
Han, C. D.: Multiphase Flow in Polymer Processing, Academic Press, New York (1981) PMid:7004801; 10.1007/978-1-4684-3746-1_19Suche in Google Scholar
Han, C. D., “A Study of Bicomponent Coextrusion of Molten Polymers”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 17, 1289–1303 (1973) 10.1002/app.1973.070170422Suche in Google Scholar
Han, C. D., Shetty, R., “Studies on Multilayer Film Coextrusion I. The Rheology of Flat Film Coextrusion”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 16, 697–705 (1976) 10.1002/pen.760161008Suche in Google Scholar
Hannachi, A., Mitsoulis, E., “Sheet Coextrusion of Polymer Solutions and Melts: Comparison between Simulation and Experiments”, Adv. Polym. Technol., 12, 217–231 (1993) 10.1002/adv.1993.060120301Suche in Google Scholar
Heng, F. L., Mitsoulis, E., “Numerical Simulation of Wire-Coating Coextrusion”, Int. Polym. Proc., 4, 44–56 (1989) 10.3139/217.890044Suche in Google Scholar
Huang, R., Silva, J., Huntington, B. A., Patz, J., Andrade, R., Harris, P. J., Yin, K., Cox, M., Bonnecaze, R. T. and Maia, J. M., “Co-Extrusion Layer Multiplication of Rheologically Mismatched Polymers: A Novel Processing Route”, Int. Polym. Proc., 30, 317–330 (2015) 10.3139/217.2955Suche in Google Scholar
Joseph, D. D., Renardy, Y. Y.: Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics: Part I: Mathematical Theory and Applications, Springer, New York (1993)10.1007/978-1-4615-7061-5Suche in Google Scholar
Karami, A., Balke, S. T., “Polymer Blend De-Mixing and Morphology Development of Immiscible Polymer Blends during Tube Flow”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 40, 2342–2355 (2000) 10.1002/pen.11367Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, D., Jung, J., Park, S. and Seo, J., “Preparation and Characterization of LDPE/PVA Blend Films Filled with Glycerin-Plasticized Polyvinyl Alcohol”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 132, 41985 (2015) 10.1002/app.41985Suche in Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Ramanaiah, B. V. and Ray, A. R., “Studies on Impact Toughening and Thermal Properties of Nylon-6/LDPE-g-MAH Blends”, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 45, 1039–1046 (2006) 10.1080/03602550600728596Suche in Google Scholar
Kwon, O., Zumbrunen, D. A., “Progressive Morphology Development to Produce Multilayer Films and Interpenetrating Blends by Chaotic Mixing”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, 1569–1579 (2001) 10.1002/app.1995Suche in Google Scholar
Lamnawar, K., Maazouz, A., “Role of the Interphase in the Flow Stability of Reactive Coextruded Multilayer Polymers”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 727–739 (2009) 10.1002/pen.21334Suche in Google Scholar
Lee, P. C., Park, H. E., Morse, D. C. and Macosko, C. W., “Polymer-Polymer Interfacial Slip in Multilayered Films”, J. Rheol., 53, 893–915 (2009) 10.1122/1.3114370Suche in Google Scholar
Luo, X. -L., Mitsoulis, E., “A Finite Element Study of Viscoelastic Effects in Double-Layer Coextrusion of Polymer Melts”, Adv. Polym. Technol., 10, 47–54 (1990) 10.1002/adv.1990.060100105 Suche in Google Scholar
Massaro, R., Roozemond, P., D’Haese, M. and Puyvelde, P. V., “Flow-Induced Crystallization of Polyamide-6”, Int. Polym. Proc., 33, 327–335 (2018) 10.3139/217.3524Suche in Google Scholar
Messin, T., Follain, N., Guinault, A., Miquelard-Garnier, G., Sollogoub, C., Delpouve, N., Gaucher, V. and Marais, S., “Confinement Effect in PC/MXD6 Multilayer Films: Impact of the Microlayered Structure on Water and Gas Barrier Properties”, J. Membr. Sci., 525, 135–145 (2017) 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.039Suche in Google Scholar
Mitsoulis, E., “Multilayer Sheet Coextrusion: Analysis and Design”, Adv. Polym. Technol., 8, 225–242 (1988) 10.1002/adv.1988.060080302Suche in Google Scholar
Novák, I., Popelka, A., Valentín, M., Chodák, I., Špírková, M., Tóth, A., Kleinová, A., Sedliačik, J., Lehocký, M. and Marônek, M., “Surface Behavior of Polyamide 6 Modified by Barrier Plasma in Oxygen and Nitrogen”, Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact., 19, 31–38 (2014) 10.1080/1023666X.2014.850907Suche in Google Scholar
Pongmuksuwan, P., Harnnarongchai, W., “The Smart Blending for Multilayer Structure of PLA/EVOH”, Key Eng. Mater., 751, 258–263 (2017) 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.751.258Suche in Google Scholar
Ponting, M., Lin, Y., Keum, J. K., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., “Effect of Substrate on the Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Confined Poly(∊-caprolactone) Nanolayers”, Macromolecules, 43, 8619–8627 (2010) 10.1021/ma101625 hSuche in Google Scholar
Rahman, M. A., Andrade, R., Maia, J. and Baer, E., “Viscosity Contrast Effects on the Structure – Property Relationship of Multilayer Soft Film/Foams”, Polymer, 69, 110–122 (2015) 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.051Suche in Google Scholar
Sallem-Idrissi, N., Miri, V., Elkoun, S., Krawczak, P., Lacrampe, M. F., Lefebvre, J. M. and Seguela, R., “Trichroic Infrared Analysis of the Strain-Induced Structural Changes in the PA6 Layer of PA6/PE Multilayer Films under Biaxial Drawing”, Polymer, 50, 5812–5823 (2009) 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.052Suche in Google Scholar
Sallem-Idrissi, N., Miri, V., Marin, A., Seguela, R., Lefebvre, J.-M., Krawczak, P. and Lacrampe, M. -F., “The Role of Strain-Induced Structural Changes on the Mechanical Behavior of PA6/PE Multilayer Films under Uniaxial Drawing”, Polymer, 53, 5336–5346 (2012) 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.027Suche in Google Scholar
Schrenk, W. J., Bradley, N. L., Alfrey, T. and Maack, H., “Interfacial Flow Instability in Multilayer Coextrusion”, Polym. Eng. Sci.18, 620–623 (1978) 10.1002/pen.760180803Suche in Google Scholar
Shakerardekani, A., Karim, R., “Effect of Different Types of Plastic Packaging Films on the Moisture and Aflatoxin Contents of Pistachio Nuts during Storage”, J. Food Sci. Technol., 50, 509–411 (2013) PMid:24425936; 10.1007/s13197-012-0624-0Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Sithicharoen, W., Harnnarongchai, W., Intawong, N. T. and Sombatsompop, N., “Melt Strength, Local Velocity, and Elongational Viscosity Profiles of Low-Density Polyethylene Filaments Affected by the Die Design and Process Conditions”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, 3751–3764 (2012) 10.1002/app.35378Suche in Google Scholar
Van Puyvelde, P., Oommen, Z., Koets, P., Groeninckx, G., Moldenaers, P., Leuven, K. U., Eindhoven, T. U. and Leuven, K. U., “Effect of Reactive Compatibilization on the Interfacial Slip in Nylon-6/EPR Blends”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 43, 71–77 (2003) 10.1002/pen.10006Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, H., Keum, J. K., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., “Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Confined Nanolayers”, Macromolecules, 43, 3359–3364 (2010) 10.1021/ma902780pSuche in Google Scholar
Wilson, G. M., Khomami, B., “An Experimental Investigation of Interfacial Instabilities in Multilayer Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids. III. Compatible Polymer Systems”, J. Rheol., 37, 341–354 (1993) 10.1122/1.550446Suche in Google Scholar
Yue, P., Zhou, C., Dooley, J. and Feng, J. J., “Elastic Encapsulation in Bicomponent Stratified Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids”, J. Rheol., 52, 1027–1042 (2008) 10.1122/1.2933436Suche in Google Scholar
Yu, T. C., Han, C. D., “Stratified Two-phase Flow of Molten Polymers”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 17, 1203–1225 (1973) 10.1002/app.1973.070170417Suche in Google Scholar
Zatloukal, M., Sáha, P., Vlček, J. and Tzoganakis, C., “Viscoelastic Stress Calculation in Multi-layer Coextrusion Dies: Die Design and Extensional Viscosity Effects on the Onset of ‘Wave’ Interfacial Instabilities”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 42, 1520–1533 (2002) 10.1002/pen.11048Suche in Google Scholar
Zhao, R., Macosko, C. W., “Slip at Polymer–Polymer Interfaces: Rheological Measurements on Coextruded Multilayers”, J. Rheol., 46, 145–167 (2002) 10.1122/1.1427912Suche in Google Scholar
© 2020, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Contents
- Review Article
- Fluid-Powered Projectile-Assisted Injection Molding: Principles and Developments
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Correlations between the Hysteresis Parameters Determining the Rolling Resistance in Rubber Composites
- Global Modeling for Single Screw Extrusion of Viscoplastics
- Enhanced Dispersive Mixing in Twin-Screw Extrusion via Extension-Dominated Static Mixing Elements of Varying Contraction Ratios
- EPDM-G-GMA Toughening of Straw/Polypropylene Composites: Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties
- In Situ Assembly of LDPE/PA6 Multilayer Structure by Stirring
- Modeling and Estimation of the Pressure and Temperature dependent Bulk Density of Polymers
- Influence of ABS Type and Compatibilizer on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PC/ABS Blends
- Analysis of Self-Reinforced Mechanism of Over-Molding Polypropylene Parts
- Grafting of Biodegradable Polyesters on Cellulose for Biocomposites: Characterization and Biodegradation
- PPS News
- PPS News
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Contents
- Review Article
- Fluid-Powered Projectile-Assisted Injection Molding: Principles and Developments
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Correlations between the Hysteresis Parameters Determining the Rolling Resistance in Rubber Composites
- Global Modeling for Single Screw Extrusion of Viscoplastics
- Enhanced Dispersive Mixing in Twin-Screw Extrusion via Extension-Dominated Static Mixing Elements of Varying Contraction Ratios
- EPDM-G-GMA Toughening of Straw/Polypropylene Composites: Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties
- In Situ Assembly of LDPE/PA6 Multilayer Structure by Stirring
- Modeling and Estimation of the Pressure and Temperature dependent Bulk Density of Polymers
- Influence of ABS Type and Compatibilizer on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PC/ABS Blends
- Analysis of Self-Reinforced Mechanism of Over-Molding Polypropylene Parts
- Grafting of Biodegradable Polyesters on Cellulose for Biocomposites: Characterization and Biodegradation
- PPS News
- PPS News