Prediction of the elastic modulus of SWCNT/epoxy composite based on the micromechanics

Hassan S. Hedia; Saad M. Aldousari; Ahmed K. Abdellatif; Gamal S. Abdelhafeez

doi:10.3139/120.110754

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Prediction of the elastic modulus of SWCNT/epoxy composite based on the micromechanics

Hassan S. Hedia , Saad M. Aldousari , Ahmed K. Abdellatif und Gamal S. Abdelhafeez

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 3. Juli 2015

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Abstract

Due to their superior mechanical and physical properties, carbon nanotubes seem to hold a great promise as an ideal reinforcing material for composites of high strength and low density. In most of the experimental results up to date, however, only modest improvements in the strength and stiffness have been achieved by incorporating carbon nanotubes in polymers. In the present paper, the stiffening effect of carbon nanotubes is quantitatively investigated by micromechanics methods. The Mori-Tanaka effective field method has been adopted to calculate the effective elastic moduli of composites with aligned or randomly oriented straight nanotubes. The rule-of-mixtures is used to calculate the modulus of elasticity for nanocomposite. The results of micromechanics methods indicated that the CNTs are highly anisotropic, with Young's modulus in the tube direction two orders of magnitude higher than that normal to the tube. The results of micromechanics methods were compared by those obtained from the rule-of-mixtures and good agreement was also achieved when the efficiency parameter Φ = 1 and typical results were achieved with Φ = 0.25. To predict the mechanical properties of the composite materials, it is worth considering the conventional rule-of-mixtures using exact value of the efficiency parameter Φ. To predict the elastic modulus of nanocomposite reinforced by SWCNT using the conventional rule-of-mixtures, the exact value of the efficiency parameter Φ is equal to 0.25 when using nanotubes with chirality (8,3) for determination the elastic modulus of SWCNT. However, for zigzag orientation and chirality (8,0) the efficiency parameter Φ is equal to 1. The conventional rule-of-mixtures is a powerful tool and easy method compared to the micromechanics methods.

Kurzfassung

Auf Grund ihrer überragenden mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften zeichnen sich Carbon-Nanoröhrchen als ideales Material für Komposite mit hoher Festigkeit und niedriger Dichte aus. Bei den meisten bisherigen Ergebnissen wurden jedoch nur moderate Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der Festigkeit und der Steifigkeit erzielt, indem Carbon-Nanoröhrchen in Polymeren eingebaut wurden. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird darüber berichtet, wie der Versteifungseffekt von Carbon-Nanoröhrchen quantitativ mittels mikromechanischer Verfahren untersucht wurde. Es wurde die effektive Mori-Tanaka-Methode für Praxisanwendungen angewandt, um den effektiven Elastizitätsmodul von Kompositen mit ausgerichteten oder beliebig orientierten geraden Nanoröhrchen zu berechnen. Das Vermischungsgesetz wurde angewandt, um den Elastizitätsmodul der Nanokomposite zu berechnen. Die Ergebnisse der mikromechanischen Verfahren deuten darauf hin, dass die CNTs hochgradig anisotrop sind, und zwar mit einem Elastizitätsmodul, der in der Richtung der Röhrchen zwei Größenordnungen höher ist als senkrecht zu den Röhrchen. Die Ergebnisse der mikromechanischen Verfahren wurden mit solchen, die aus der Mischungsregel resultieren, verglichen und es wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung erreicht, wenn der Effizienzparameter, Φ = 1 betrug und typische Ergebnisse wurden mit Φ = 0,25 erreicht. Um die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Kompositwerkstoffe vorherzusagen, erscheint es angeraten die konventionelle Mischungsregel unter Verwendung eines exakten Wertes für den Effizienzparameter Φ zu berücksichtigen. Um den Elastizitätsmodul von mit SWCNT-verstärkten Nanokompositen vorherzusagen, ist der exakte Wert des Effizienzparameters Φ gleich 0,25, wenn Nanoröhrchen mit Chiralität (8,3) zur Bestimmung des Elastizitätsmoduls der SWCNTs zu Grunde gelegt werden. Demgegenüber ist der Effizienzparameter Φ für Zick-Zack-Ausrichtung und Chiralität (8,0) gleich 1. Die konventionelle Mischungsregel hat sich als nützliches und einfaches Werkzeug im Vergleich zur Mikromechanik erwiesen.

§Correspondence Address Prof. Dr. Hassan Hedia, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Consultant of the University Vice President, Vice President Office, King Abdulaziz University, B.O. Box 80200 – Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia, E-mail: hassanhedia87@yahoo.com

Prof. Dr. Hassan S. Hedia is Professor of Materials and Solid Mechanics. He is working at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia. He was born in Egypt in 1959. He achieved his BSc in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Cairo University, Egypt, in 1981 and his MSc in Production Engineering at Mansoura University, Egypt in 1989. In 1996, he achieved his PhD in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Leeds University, UK and Mansoura University, Egypt. His fields of interest include advanced materials, fracture mechanics, stress analysis and biomechanics.

Dr. Saad. M. Aldousari is Assistant Professor at King Abdulaziz University, Kingdon of Saudi Arabia (KSA). He was born in KSA in 1956. In 1980, he achieved his BSc in the Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, KSA. In 1993, he achieved his PhD and MSc from Bradford University, United Kingdom. His field of interest is manufacturing technology.

Prof. Ahmed K. Abdellatif is Professor of Machine Design, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He was born in Egypt in 1939. He achieved his PhD at UMIST, Manchester, UK in 1967, his MSc at UMIST, Manchester, UK, in 1965 and his BSc in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt, in 1962. His research fields include fatigue and fracture mechanics, stress analysis of bolted and welded joints and residual stresses.

Dr. Gamal S. Abdelhaffez is Associate Professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He was born in Egypt in 1967. In 1990, he achieved his BSc at the Mining Engineering Department, Assuit University, Egypt. In 1999, he achieved his MSc in Mining Engineering at Alazhar University, Egypt and in 2005 his PhD in Mining Engineering at Assuit University, Egypt. His field of interest includes mineral processing, rock grinding operation and environmental impact of the mining industries.

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Published Online: 2015-07-03

Published in Print: 2015-07-15

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https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110754