Synthesis and Interfacial Tensions of Sodium p-Dimethyl Dodecylbenzene Sulfonates

Changming Zhao; Ling Zhang; Yue Wang; Tiexin Cheng; Wensheng Yang; Guangdong Zhou

doi:10.3139/113.110569

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Synthesis and Interfacial Tensions of Sodium p-Dimethyl Dodecylbenzene Sulfonates

Changming Zhao , Ling Zhang , Yue Wang , Tiexin Cheng , Wensheng Yang and Guangdong Zhou

Published/Copyright: July 11, 2018

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From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 55 Issue 4

Abstract

Six isomers of sodium para-dimethyl dodecylbenzene sulfonates (p-S12) were synthesized by a series of reactions. The surface tension of the isomers p-S12 in an aqueous NaCl solution (4000 mg/L) was measured. From the data the following parameters were calculated: critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at the CMC (γ_CMC), the surface excess concentration at surface saturation (Γ_max) and the area per molecule at surface saturation (A^s_min). The A^s_min increased and the Γ_max decreased when the aromatic nucleus moves to the center of long-chain alkyl group. The dynamic interfacial tensions (DIFT) between p-S12 in 4000 mg/L NaCl aqueous solution and five n-paraffins were measured by using a spinning drop technique. The DIFT of the p-S12 showed the characteristic that the interfacial tension (IFT) is low at the beginning, then increases, reaches a maximum value, and finally continues to decrease until it reaches a stable value. By the measurement of alkane carbon number for the minimum IFT, n_min, of the six isomers solutions, we found that the n_min firstly decreases and then increases when the aromatic nucleus moves to the long-chain alkyl group. This phenomenon is due to the differences of hydrophilic-lipophilic properties and the structure of the p-S12 isomers.

Kurzfassung

Sechs Isomere des Natrium-p-dimethyldodecylbenzenlsulfonats (p-S12) wurden in einer Reihe von Reaktionen synthetisiert. Die Oberflächenspannung von p-S12 in wässriger NaCl-Lösung (4000 mg/L) wurde gemessen. Aus den Messdaten wurden die folgenden Parameter berechnet: die kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentration (CMC), die Oberflächenspannung an der CMC (γ_CMC), die Oberflächenüberschußkonzentration bei Oberflächensättigung (Γ_max) und die Fläche pro Molekül bei Oberflächensättigung (A^s_min). A^s_min stieg an und Γ_max nahm ab, wenn sich der aromatische Kern zum Zentrum der langkettigen Alkylgruppe bewegte. Die dynamische Grenzflächenspannung (DIFT) zwischen p-S12 in wässriger NaCl-Lösung (4000 mg/l) und fünf n-Paraffinen wurde unter Verwendung der Spinning-Drop-Technik gemessen. Die Messungen der dynamische Grenzflächenspannung der p-S12-Isomere zeigte, dass die Grenzflächenspannung (ITF) zu Beginn niedrig ist, dann ansteigt, einen maximalen Wert erreicht und schließlich auf einen stabilen Wert abfällt. Durch die Messung der Alkan-Kohlenstoffzahl der sechs Isomerlösungen bei der Minimum-IFT, n_min, fanden wir, dass n_min zunächst abnimmt und dann ansteigt, wenn sich der aromatische Kern zu der langkettigen Alkylgruppe bewegt. Dieses Phänomen beruht auf den Unterschieden der hydrophil-lipophilen Eigenschaften und der Struktur der p-S12-Isomere.

Key words: Alkylbenzene sulfonate; surface tension; dynamic interfacial tension; alkane carbon number at the minimum interfacial tension

Stichwörter: Alkylbenzensulfonat; Oberflächenspannung; dynamische Grenzflächenspannung; Alkan-Kohlenstoffzahl bei der Minimumgrenzflächenspannung

*Correspondence address, Dr. Guangdong Zhou, College of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, P.R. China, Tel.: +86-18644987744, E-Mail: zhougd@jlu.edu.cn

Dr. Zhao is currently studying at Jilin University, engaged in physical and surface chemistry. The main research is the synthesis and interfacial tensions of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate.

Ling Zhang and Yue Wang are masters, studying in Jilin University.

Guangdong Zhou and Tiexin Cheng are professors who teach in Jilin University, engaged in surface and catalytic chemistry and achieved some results.

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Received: 2017-11-20

Accepted: 2018-01-17

Published Online: 2018-07-11

Published in Print: 2018-07-16

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110569

Keywords for this article

Alkylbenzene sulfonate; surface tension; dynamic interfacial tension; alkane carbon number at the minimum interfacial tension