Startseite Effect of Washing Conditions on Cleaning Action of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Hard Water
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Effect of Washing Conditions on Cleaning Action of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Hard Water

  • Keiko Gotoh und Yang Mei
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Dezember 2017
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
Aus der Zeitschrift Tenside Surfactants Detergents Band 54 Heft 4

Abstract

The effects of water hardness on textile detergency in aqueous linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) solutions were examined under various washing conditions. Plain-woven and towel cotton fabrics and plain-woven polyester fabric were soiled with a mixture of carbon black/oleic acid. The soiled fabrics were shake-washed in the LAS solution together with the original unsoiled fabrics. Surface reflectance measurements revealed that the soil removal and redeposition decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing water hardness. The identity of the mineral species (calcium or magnesium ions) in the hard water had no notable effect on the detergency. The addition of significant amounts of extra LAS did not fully compensate the reduction in detergency in hard water. Addition of softening agents and an alkali builder to the hard water limited the reduction in detergency, but the detergency was still lower than that in the absence of hardness salts. Moreover, a high wash temperature and repeated rinse procedure did not prevent the reduction in detergency in hard water. Finally, a washing test was carried out in hard water under the conditions considered to be effective for improving the detergent quality in hard water, based on the experimental results. The LAS detergency toward the cotton fabrics under these conditions was still poorer than that in the absence of hardness salts. We concluded that using soft wash water is the best choice for maximizing the cleaning power of detergents.

Kurzfassung

Der Einfluss der Wasserhärte auf die Reinigung von Textilien in wässrigen Lösungen mit linearen Dodecylbenzensulfonat (LAS) wurden unter verschiedenen Waschbedingungen untersucht. Baumwollgewebe, Baumwollhandtücher und Polyestergewebe wurden mit einer Mischung aus Ruß und Ölsäure angeschmutzt. Die angeschmutzten Gewebe wurden in der LAS-Lösung zusammen mit den ursprünglichen, nicht angeschmutzten Geweben in einem Schüttelverfahren gewaschen. Messungen der Oberflächenreflexion zeigten, dass die Schmutzentfernung und die Schmutzredeposition mit zunehmender Wasserhärte ab bzw. zunahm. Die Art der mineralischen Spezies (Kalzium- oder Magnesiumionen) im harten Wasser hatte keine bemerkenswerte Wirkung auf die Waschkraft. Die zusätzliche Zugabe von signifikanten Mengen an LAS kompensierte die Verringerung der Waschkraft in hartem Wasser nicht vollständig. Die Zugabe von Weichmachern und einem Alkali-Builder zum harten Wasser begrenzte die Verringerung der Waschkraft, aber diese war noch niedriger als die in Abwesenheit der Härtesalze. Darüber hinaus verhinderte eine hohe Waschtemperatur und wiederholtes Spülen nicht die Verringerung der Waschkraft in hartem Wasser. Auf Basis der experimentellen Ergebnisse wurde schließlich ein Waschversuch in hartem Wasser unter den Bedingungen durchgeführt, die zur Verbesserung der Waschmittelqualität in hartem Wasser als effektiv angesehen wurden. Die Waschwirkung von LAS gegenüber den Baumwollgeweben war unter diesen Bedingungen immer noch schlechter als die in Abwesenheit von Härtesalzen. Wir haben festgestellt, dass weiches Waschwasser für die Maximierung der Waschleistung von Waschmitteln die beste Wahl ist.

Key words: Laundry; water hardness; linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS); cotton; polyester
Stichwörter: Wäsche; Wasserhärte; lineares Alkylbenzensulfonat (LAS); Baumwolle; Polyester
*Correspondence address, Prof. Dr. Keiko Gotoh, National Institute of Technology, Nara College, 22 Yata-cho, Yamatokoriyama, Nara 639-1080, Japan, E-Mail: ,

Dr. Keiko Gotoh was born in October 1954, studied for her Master of Home Economics at Nara Women's University. After obtaining her Ph. D. in 1986, she worked as Associate Professor and Full Professor in Kyoto University of Education and as Full Professor in Nara Women's University. At present she is working as President, National Institute of Technology, Nara College (Japan).

Yang Mei was born in in February 1992. She completed degree of M.S. in home economics, from Department of Health Science and Clothing Environment, Nara Women's University. She is at present working in Nissenken Quality Evaluation Center Kyoto Testing Center (Japan).

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Received: 2016-12-25
Accepted: 2017-03-29
Published Online: 2017-12-09
Published in Print: 2017-07-14

© 2017, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Detergent/Cleaning
  4. Consumers' Comprehension of the EU Energy Label for Washing Machines
  5. Effect of Washing Conditions on Cleaning Action of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Hard Water
  6. Biosurfactants/Novel Surfactants
  7. Surface Activity Study of Water-Soluble Silk Fibroin Prepared using Cocoons and Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O
  8. Experimental Design Procedure for Optimization of Saponin Extraction from Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Biosurfactant for Emulsification of Heavy Crude Oil
  9. Studies on Emulsification Properties of Glycolipids Biosurfactants
  10. Synthesis and Characterization of Saturated Cardanol Sulfonate Salt Gemini Surfactant
  11. Physical Chemistry
  12. Effect of Surface Dilatational Modulus on Foam Flow in a Porous Medium
  13. Oil-Water Interfacial Tensions of Silica Nanoparticle-Surfactant Formulations
  14. Interactions of Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants with Cresol Red Dye in Aqueous Solutions: Conductometric, Tensiometric, and Spectroscopic Studies
  15. Application
  16. Physicochemical Properties of Amino Acid Surfactants and Their Use in Dyeing with Natural Plant Dyes
  17. Short Communication
  18. Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion using Amphiphilic Ammonium Salts as Demulsifiers
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110502
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Laundry; water hardness; linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS); cotton; polyester

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Detergent/Cleaning
  4. Consumers' Comprehension of the EU Energy Label for Washing Machines
  5. Effect of Washing Conditions on Cleaning Action of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Hard Water
  6. Biosurfactants/Novel Surfactants
  7. Surface Activity Study of Water-Soluble Silk Fibroin Prepared using Cocoons and Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O
  8. Experimental Design Procedure for Optimization of Saponin Extraction from Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Biosurfactant for Emulsification of Heavy Crude Oil
  9. Studies on Emulsification Properties of Glycolipids Biosurfactants
  10. Synthesis and Characterization of Saturated Cardanol Sulfonate Salt Gemini Surfactant
  11. Physical Chemistry
  12. Effect of Surface Dilatational Modulus on Foam Flow in a Porous Medium
  13. Oil-Water Interfacial Tensions of Silica Nanoparticle-Surfactant Formulations
  14. Interactions of Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants with Cresol Red Dye in Aqueous Solutions: Conductometric, Tensiometric, and Spectroscopic Studies
  15. Application
  16. Physicochemical Properties of Amino Acid Surfactants and Their Use in Dyeing with Natural Plant Dyes
  17. Short Communication
  18. Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion using Amphiphilic Ammonium Salts as Demulsifiers
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