Determination of catechin and epicatechin in the peel of apple varieties resistant and non-resistant to apple scab
- 
            
            
        Marek Gołębiowski
        , Edmund Maliński 
Abstract
Catechin and epicatechin were analysed in the peel of six apple cultivars (three resistant and three non-resistant to apple scab). Two methods of analytical sample preparation following extraction were tested: solid phase extraction and column separation with Sephadex LH-20 coupled to a differential refractometric detector. Prior to GC and GC-MS analyses, these compounds were silylized. This permitted co-injection with standards and the comparison of retention values and mass spectra with those recorded for standards. The content of catechin and epicatechin in apple peel is discussed in relation to the resistance of apple trees to scab.
[1] Amarowicz, R., & Shahidi, F. (1996). A rapid chromatographic method for separation of individual catechins from green tea. Food Research International, 29, 71–76. DOI: 10.1016/0963-9969(95)00048-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(95)00048-810.1016/0963-9969(95)00048-8Search in Google Scholar
[2] Arts, I. C. W., van de Putte, B., & Hollman, P. C. H. (2000). Catechin contents of foods commonly consumed in the Netherlands. Tea, wine, fruit juices, and chocolate milk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 1752–1757. DOI: 10.1021/jf000026+. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000026+10.1021/jf000026+Search in Google Scholar
[3] Boyer, J., & Liu, R. H. (2004). Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal, 3:5. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-3-510.1186/1475-2891-3-5Search in Google Scholar
[4] Burda, S., Oleszek, W., & Lee, C. Y. (1990). Phenolic compounds and their changes in apples during maturation and cold storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38, 945–948. DOI: 10.1021/jf00094a006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a00610.1021/jf00094a006Search in Google Scholar
[5] Dalluge, J. J., & Nelson, B. C. (2000). Determination of tea catechins. Journal of Chromatography A, 881, 411–424. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00062-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00062-510.1016/S0021-9673(00)00062-5Search in Google Scholar
[6] Escarpa, A., & González, M. C. (1998). High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection for the determination of phenolic compounds in peel and pulp from different apple varieties. Journal of Chromatography A, 823, 331–337. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-510.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-5Search in Google Scholar
[7] Friedman, M. (2007). Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 51, 116–134. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.20060017310.1002/mnfr.200600173Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[8] Golding, J. B., McGlasson, W. B., Wyllie, S. G., & Leach, D. N. (2001). Fate of apple peel phenolics during cool storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 2283–2289. DOI: 10.1021/jf0015266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf001526610.1021/jf0015266Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[9] Gómez-Alonso, S., García-Romero, E., & Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I. (2007). HPLC analysis of diverse grape and wine phenolics using direct injection and multidetection by DAD and fluorescence. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20, 618–626. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.03.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2007.03.00210.1016/j.jfca.2007.03.002Search in Google Scholar
[10] Guyot, S., Marnet, N., Sanoner, P., & Drilleau, J.-F. (2003). Variability of the polyphenolic composition of cider apple (Malus domestica) fruits and juices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 6240–6247. DOI: 10.1021/jf0301798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf030179810.1021/jf0301798Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] Leja, M., Mareczek, A., & Ben, J. (2003). Antioxidant properties of two apple cultivars during long-term storage. Food Chemistry, 80, 303–307. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00263-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00263-710.1016/S0308-8146(02)00263-7Search in Google Scholar
[12] Meszka, B., & Bielenin, A. (2006). Effect of saprotrophic microorganisms on the development of Venturia inaequalis pseudothecia. Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa, 14. (in Polish). Search in Google Scholar
[13] Mikulič Petkovšek, M. M., Štampar, F., & Veberič, R. (2009). Changes in the inner quality parameters of apple fruit from technological to edible maturity. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 93, 17–29. DOI: 10.2478/v10014-009-0003-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10014-009-0003-310.2478/v10014-009-0003-3Search in Google Scholar
[14] Montealegre, R. R., Peces, R. R., Vozmediano, J. L. C., Gascueña, J. M., & Romero, E. G. (2006). Phenolic compounds in skins and seeds of ten grape Vitis vinifera varieties grown in a warm climate. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19, 687–693. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.05.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.05.00310.1016/j.jfca.2005.05.003Search in Google Scholar
[15] Napolitano, A., Cascone, A., Graziani, G., Ferracane, R., Scalfi, L., Di Vaio, C., Ritieni, A., & Fogliano, V. (2004). Influence of variety and storage on the polyphenol composition of apple flesh. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 6526–6531. DOI: 10.1021/jf049822w. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf049822w10.1021/jf049822wSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[16] Saito, S. T., Fröehlich, P. E., Gosmann, G., & Bergold, A. M. (2007). Full validation of a simple method for determination of catechins and caffeine in Brazilian green tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) using HPLC. Chromatographia, 65, 607–610. DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0190-1. 10.1365/s10337-007-0190-1Search in Google Scholar
[17] van der Sluis, A. A., Dekker, M., de Jager, A., & Jongen, W. M. F. (2001). Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple: Effect of cultivar, harvest year, and storage conditions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 3606–3613. DOI: 10.1021/jf001493u. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf001493u10.1021/jf001493uSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Spanos, G. A., Wrolstad, R. E., & Heatherbell, D. A. (1990). Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of apple juice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38, 1572–1579. DOI: 10.1021/jf00097a031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00097a03110.1021/jf00097a031Search in Google Scholar
[19] Vallés, B. S., Victorero, J. S., Alonso, J. J. M., & Gomis, D. B. (1994). High-performance liquid chromatography of the neutral phenolic compounds of low molecular weight in apple juice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42, 2732–2736. DOI: 10.1021/jf00048a016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00048a01610.1021/jf00048a016Search in Google Scholar
[20] Vrhovsek, U., Rigo, A., Tonon, D., & Mattivi, F. (2004). Quantitation of polyphenols in different apple varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 6532–6538. DOI: 10.1021/jf049317z. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf049317z10.1021/jf049317zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2010 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Chemical conjugation of biomacromolecules: A mini-review
- Talaromyces flavus and its metabolites
- Application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for palladium determination
- A naked-eye, selective and sensitive chemosensor for fluoride ion
- Determination of catechin and epicatechin in the peel of apple varieties resistant and non-resistant to apple scab
- The use of sulfated tin oxide as solid superacid catalyst for heterogeneous transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil
- Effect of pH and washing on calcium and magnesium distribution between pulp and filtrate
- Influence of lead dioxide electrodes morphology on kinetics and current efficiency of oxygen-ozone evolution reactions
- Synthesis of methyl acetoacetate from acetone and dimethyl carbonate with alkali-promoted MgO catalysts
- Synthesis, crystal structure, and 1H NMR spectra of a chloride-bridged chain complex of dinuclear ruthenium(II,III) 3,4,5-tri(ethoxy-d 5)benzoate
- Modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane via blending with poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer
- Oxidative polymerization of anilinium 5-sulfosalicylate with peroxydisulfate in water
- Morphological patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) derivatives synthesized with EGDMA, DEGDMA, and TEGDMA crosslinkers for application as thermosensitive drug carriers
- Influence of a Fe/activated carbon catalyst and reaction parameters on methane decomposition during the synthesis of carbon nanotubes
- Microwave assisted one pot synthesis of 7-substituted 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)acetic acids as precursors of new anti-tumour compounds
- ZnO nanoparticles in the synthesis of AB ring core of camptothecin
- Novel benzopyranopyridine derivatives of 2-amino-3-formylchromone
- Polyethylene glycol-mediated synthesis of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones catalyzed by ceric ammonium nitrate
Articles in the same Issue
- Chemical conjugation of biomacromolecules: A mini-review
- Talaromyces flavus and its metabolites
- Application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for palladium determination
- A naked-eye, selective and sensitive chemosensor for fluoride ion
- Determination of catechin and epicatechin in the peel of apple varieties resistant and non-resistant to apple scab
- The use of sulfated tin oxide as solid superacid catalyst for heterogeneous transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil
- Effect of pH and washing on calcium and magnesium distribution between pulp and filtrate
- Influence of lead dioxide electrodes morphology on kinetics and current efficiency of oxygen-ozone evolution reactions
- Synthesis of methyl acetoacetate from acetone and dimethyl carbonate with alkali-promoted MgO catalysts
- Synthesis, crystal structure, and 1H NMR spectra of a chloride-bridged chain complex of dinuclear ruthenium(II,III) 3,4,5-tri(ethoxy-d 5)benzoate
- Modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane via blending with poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer
- Oxidative polymerization of anilinium 5-sulfosalicylate with peroxydisulfate in water
- Morphological patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) derivatives synthesized with EGDMA, DEGDMA, and TEGDMA crosslinkers for application as thermosensitive drug carriers
- Influence of a Fe/activated carbon catalyst and reaction parameters on methane decomposition during the synthesis of carbon nanotubes
- Microwave assisted one pot synthesis of 7-substituted 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)acetic acids as precursors of new anti-tumour compounds
- ZnO nanoparticles in the synthesis of AB ring core of camptothecin
- Novel benzopyranopyridine derivatives of 2-amino-3-formylchromone
- Polyethylene glycol-mediated synthesis of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones catalyzed by ceric ammonium nitrate