Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber
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Jana Hrachová
,
Ivan Chodák
Abstract
Parent Ca-montmorillonite (Jelšový Potok, Slovakia, Ca-JP) and Na-montmorillonite Kunipia-F (Japan, Na-KU) were ion-exchanged with octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) cations. Characteristics of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry (TG). Surface areas were measured by sorption of N2 and ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether. Scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) were used to characterize the texture of samples. The XRD patterns show that, upon intercalation, the basal spacing of montmorillonite is expanded and corresponds to the pseudotrimolecular arrangement of organic cations in the interlayers. The IR spectra of organically modified montmorillonite show C-H stretching and bending bands of both CH3 and CH2 groups in the 3000–2800 cm−1 and 1500–1400 cm−1 region, respectively. Modification of montmorillonite by organic cations decreased the hydrophilicity of their mineral surface and adsorbed water evaporated at lower temperatures. The SEM photographs reveal a tendency towards lump formation and agglomeration of the ODTMA-montmorillonite particles. The modification introducing organic moiety lead to a substantial decrease in the surface area of both montmorillonites; however, it remained remarkably high, being at the level typical for silica. Completely characterized fillers were used to prepare rubber compositions with enhanced physical properties, as described in Hrachová et al. (2008).
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© 2008 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Polymer interfaces used in electrochemical DNA-based biosensors
- Integration of biomass drying with combustion/gasification technologies and minimization of emissions of organic compounds
- Application of hydrocolloids as baking improvers
- Simultaneous determination of 118 pesticide residues in Chinese teas by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Modifications of spectrophotometric methods for total phosphorus determination in meat samples
- Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber
- A new approach to nickel electrolytic colouring of anodised aluminium
- Solvent-free synthesis and properties of carboxymethyl starch fatty acid ester derivatives
- Reduction of silver nitrate by polyaniline nanotubes to produce silver-polyaniline composites
- Chemometrical analysis of computed QSAR parameters and their use in biological activity prediction
- Mild and efficient conversion of trifluoromethylarenes into tribromomethylarenes using boron tribromide
- 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as a useful reagent for efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions
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