What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Spectral and thermal properties of perchlorate salts and implications for Mars
-
Janice L. Bishop
,
Richard Quinn
Abstract
K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ perchlorate salts were studied to provide spectral and thermal data for detecting and characterizing their possible presence on Mars. Spectral and thermal analyses are coordinated with structural analyses to understand how different cations and different hydration levels affect the mineral system. Near-infrared (NIR) spectral features for perchlorates are dominated by H2O bands that occur at 0.978-1.01, 1.17-1.19, 1.42-1.48, 1.93-1.99, and 2.40-2.45 μm. Mid-IR spectral features are observed for vibrations of the tetrahedral ClO4 - ion and occur as reflectance peaks at 1105-1130 cm-1 (~8.6-9 μm), 760-825 cm-1 (~12-13 μm), 630 cm-1 (~15.9 μm), 460-495 (~20-22 μm), and 130-215 (~50-75 μm). The spectral bands in both regions are sensitive to the type of cation present because the polarizing power is related to the band center for many of the spectral features. Band assignments were confirmed for many of the spectral features due to opposing trends in vibrational energies for the ClO4 - and H2O groups connected to different octahedral cations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data show variable patterns of water loss and thermal decomposition temperatures for perchlorates with different cations, consistent with changes in spectral features measured under varying hydration conditions. Results of the DSC analyses indicate that the bond energies of H2O in perchlorates are different for each cation and hydration state. Structural parameters are available for Mg perchlorates (Robertson and Bish 2010) and the changes in structure due to hydration state are consistent with DSC parameters and spectral features. Analyses of changes in the Mg perchlorate structures with H2O content inform our understanding of the effects of hydration on other perchlorates, for which the specific structures are less well defined. Spectra of the hydrated Fe2+ and Fe3+ perchlorates changed significantly upon heating to 100 °C or measurement under low-moisture conditions indicating that they are less stable than other perchlorates under dehydrated conditions. The perchlorate abundances observed by Phoenix and MSL are likely too low to be identified from orbit by CRISM, but may be sufficient to be identifiable by a VNIR imager on a future rover.
© 2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Evidence for multiple diamondite-forming events in the mantle
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Evidence for multiple diamondite-forming events in the mantle
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Experimental determination of melting in the systems enstatite-magnesite and magnesite-calcite from 15 to 80 GPa
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. The spin state of iron in Fe3+-bearing Mg-perovskite and its crystal chemistry at high pressure
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Hexagonal Na0.41[Na0.125Mg0.79Al0.085]2[Al0.79Si0.21]6O12 (NAL phase): Crystal structure refinement and elasticity
- What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Multivariate Analysis of Raman Spectra for the Identification of Sulfates: Implications for ExoMars
- What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Spectral and thermal properties of perchlorate salts and implications for Mars
- What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Reflectance spectroscopy and optical functions for hydrated Fe-sulfates
- Fluids in the Crust. Redox effects on calcite-portlandite-fluid equilibria at for earc conditions: Carbon mobility, methanogenesis, and reduction melting of calcite
- Fluids in the Crust. Constraints on the mobilization of Zr in magmatic-hydrothermal processes in subduction zones from in situ fluid-melt partitioning experiments
- The Second Conference on the Lunar Highlands Crust and New Directions. The petrogenesis of impact basin melt rocks in lunar meteorite Shişr 161
- Amorphous Materials: Properties, structure, and durability. The nearly complete dissociation of water in glasses with strong aluminum avoidance
- Sepiolite-palygorskite polysomatic series: Oriented aggregation as a crystal growth mechanism in natural environments
- Bentonite evolution at elevated pressures and temperatures: An experimental study for generic nuclear repository designs
- Rates of Li diffusion in garnet: Coupled transport of Li and Y+REEs
- Characteristics of djerfisherite from fluid-rich, metasomatized alkaline intrusive environments and anhydrous enstatite chondrites and achondrites
- Ferroan geikielite and coupled spinel-rutile exsolution from titanohematite: Interface characterization and magnetic properties
- Constraints on the incorporation mechanism of chlorine in peralkaline and peraluminous Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses
- Interlayer structure model of tri-hydrated low-charge smectite by X-ray diffraction and Monte Carlo modeling in the Grand Canonical ensemble
- Tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ in oxides and silicates: Effect of local environment on optical properties
- A variable-temperature neutron diffraction study of serandite: A Mn-silicate framework with a very strong, two-proton site, hydrogen bond
- A new biogenic, struvite-related phosphate, the ammonium-analog of hazenite, (NH4)NaMg2(PO4)2·14H2O
- Chromo-alumino-povondraite, NaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup
- The occurrence of platinum-group element and gold minerals in the Bon Accord Ni-oxide body, South Africa
- Beshtauite, (NH4)2(UO2)(SO4)2·2H2O, a new mineral from Mount Beshtau, Northern Caucasus, Russia
- High-pressure phase transitions in FeCr2O4 and structure analysis of new post-spinel FeCr2O4 and Fe2Cr2O5 phases with meteoritical and petrological implications
- Letter. Kumdykolite from the ultrahigh-pressure granulite of the Bohemian Massif
- Letter. Crystal chemistry of dense hydrous magnesium silicates: The structure of phase H, MgSiH2O4, synthesized at 45 GPa and 1000 °C
- New Mineral Names
- Book Review
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Evidence for multiple diamondite-forming events in the mantle
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Evidence for multiple diamondite-forming events in the mantle
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Experimental determination of melting in the systems enstatite-magnesite and magnesite-calcite from 15 to 80 GPa
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. The spin state of iron in Fe3+-bearing Mg-perovskite and its crystal chemistry at high pressure
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle. Hexagonal Na0.41[Na0.125Mg0.79Al0.085]2[Al0.79Si0.21]6O12 (NAL phase): Crystal structure refinement and elasticity
- What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Multivariate Analysis of Raman Spectra for the Identification of Sulfates: Implications for ExoMars
- What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Spectral and thermal properties of perchlorate salts and implications for Mars
- What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates. Reflectance spectroscopy and optical functions for hydrated Fe-sulfates
- Fluids in the Crust. Redox effects on calcite-portlandite-fluid equilibria at for earc conditions: Carbon mobility, methanogenesis, and reduction melting of calcite
- Fluids in the Crust. Constraints on the mobilization of Zr in magmatic-hydrothermal processes in subduction zones from in situ fluid-melt partitioning experiments
- The Second Conference on the Lunar Highlands Crust and New Directions. The petrogenesis of impact basin melt rocks in lunar meteorite Shişr 161
- Amorphous Materials: Properties, structure, and durability. The nearly complete dissociation of water in glasses with strong aluminum avoidance
- Sepiolite-palygorskite polysomatic series: Oriented aggregation as a crystal growth mechanism in natural environments
- Bentonite evolution at elevated pressures and temperatures: An experimental study for generic nuclear repository designs
- Rates of Li diffusion in garnet: Coupled transport of Li and Y+REEs
- Characteristics of djerfisherite from fluid-rich, metasomatized alkaline intrusive environments and anhydrous enstatite chondrites and achondrites
- Ferroan geikielite and coupled spinel-rutile exsolution from titanohematite: Interface characterization and magnetic properties
- Constraints on the incorporation mechanism of chlorine in peralkaline and peraluminous Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses
- Interlayer structure model of tri-hydrated low-charge smectite by X-ray diffraction and Monte Carlo modeling in the Grand Canonical ensemble
- Tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ in oxides and silicates: Effect of local environment on optical properties
- A variable-temperature neutron diffraction study of serandite: A Mn-silicate framework with a very strong, two-proton site, hydrogen bond
- A new biogenic, struvite-related phosphate, the ammonium-analog of hazenite, (NH4)NaMg2(PO4)2·14H2O
- Chromo-alumino-povondraite, NaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup
- The occurrence of platinum-group element and gold minerals in the Bon Accord Ni-oxide body, South Africa
- Beshtauite, (NH4)2(UO2)(SO4)2·2H2O, a new mineral from Mount Beshtau, Northern Caucasus, Russia
- High-pressure phase transitions in FeCr2O4 and structure analysis of new post-spinel FeCr2O4 and Fe2Cr2O5 phases with meteoritical and petrological implications
- Letter. Kumdykolite from the ultrahigh-pressure granulite of the Bohemian Massif
- Letter. Crystal chemistry of dense hydrous magnesium silicates: The structure of phase H, MgSiH2O4, synthesized at 45 GPa and 1000 °C
- New Mineral Names
- Book Review
