Ab initio calculations and crystal structure simulations for mixed layer compounds from the tetradymite series
-
Jie Yao
, Cristiana L. Ciobanu
, Nigel J. Cook
, Kathy Ehrig
, Gabriel I. Dima
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is used to obtain structural information of seven members of the tetradymite homologous series: Bi2Te3 (tellurobismuthite), BiTe (tsumoite), Bi4Te3 (pilsenite), Bi5Te3, Bi2Te, Bi7Te3 (hedleyite), and Bi8Te3. We use the formula S(Bi2kTe3)·L[Bi2(k+1)Te3] as a working model (k = 1–4) where S and L are short and long modules in the structures. The relaxed structures show an increase in the a parameter and decrease in the interlayer distance (dsub) from Bi2Te3 (2.029 Å) to Bi8Te3 (1.975 Å). DFT-derived formation energy for each phase indicates that they are all thermodynamically stable. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) simulations for each of the relaxed structures show an excellent match with atom models. Simulated electron diffractions and reflection modulation along c* are concordant with published data, where they exist, and with the theory underpinning mixed-layer compounds. Two modulation vectors, q = γ·
Acknowledgments and funding
We appreciate the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers and editorial handling by Jianwei Wang. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council through Linkage grant LP200100156 “Critical Minerals from Complex Ores,” co-supported by BHP Olympic Dam. We acknowledge access to the Phoenix high-performance computer (HPC) at the University of Adelaide and thank Fabien Voisin and Mark Innes for the assistance with VASP installation and HPC configuration.
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