Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Nepheline structural and chemical dependence on melt composition

  • , , and EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 18, 2016
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 2

Abstract

Nepheline crystallizes upon slow-cooling in some melts concentrated in Na2O and Al2O3, which can result in a residual glass phase of low chemical durability. Nepheline can incorporate many components often found in high-level waste radioactive borosilicate glass, including glass network ions (e.g., Si, Al, Fe), alkali metals (e.g., Cs, K, Na, and possibly Li), alkaline-earth metals (e.g., Ba, Sr,Ca, Mg), and transition metals (e.g., Mn, and possibly Cr, Zn, Ni). When crystallized from melts of different compositions, nepheline composition varies as a function of starting melt composition. Five simulated high-level nuclear waste borosilicate glasses shown to crystallize large fractions of nepheline on slow-cooling were selected for study. These starting melt compositions contained a range of Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, Fe2O3, and SiO2 concentrations. Compositional analyses of nepheline crystals in glass by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) indicate that nepheline is generally rich in silica, whereas boron is unlikely to be present in any significant concentration, if at all, in nepheline. Also, several models are presented for calculating the fraction of vacancies in the nepheline structure.

Keywords: Nepheline; glass; vacancy; nuclear waste; crystallization; electron microprobe; nepheline crystal chemistry and structure

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Department of Energy’s Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant Federal Project Office, contract number DE-EM0002904, under the direction of Albert A. Kruger. Further support for José Marcial was provided by the Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) fellowship. Electron microprobe analyses were performed at the Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical Laboratory of the Washington State University School of the Environment. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript.

References cited

Akatov, A.A., Nikonov, B.S., Omel’yanenko, B.I., Stefanovskaya, O.I., Stefanovsky, S.V., Suntsov, D.Y., and Marra, J.C. (2010) Influence of the content of a surrogate of iron aluminate high-level wastes on the phase composition and structure of glassy materials for their immobilization. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 36, 45–52.10.1134/S1087659610010098Search in Google Scholar

Amoroso, J. (2011) Computer modeling of high-level waste glass temperatures within DWPF canisters during pouring and cool down. SRNL-STI-2011-00546, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina.10.2172/1027495Search in Google Scholar

Antao, S.M., and Hassan, I. (2010) Nepheline: Structure of three samples from the Bancroft area, Ontario, obtained using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction. Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 69–80.10.3749/canmin.48.1.69Search in Google Scholar

ASTM (2008) Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses and Multiphase Glass Ceramics: The Product Consistency Test (PCT). ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.Search in Google Scholar

Bailey, A.W., and Hrma, P (1995) Waste loading maximization for vitrified Hanford HLW blend. Ceramic Transactions, 61, Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies, 549–556. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH. Bastin, G.F., and Heijligers, H.J.M. (1991) Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of nitrogen. Scanning, 13, 325–342.Search in Google Scholar

Bastin, G.F., and Heijligers, H.J.M. (1991) Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of nitrogen. Scanning, 13, 325–342.10.1002/sca.4950130502Search in Google Scholar

Blancher, S.B., D’Arco, P, Fonteilles, M., and Pascal, M.-L. (2010) Evolution of nepheline from mafic to highly differentiated members of the alkaline series: the Messum complex, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 415–32. Bourcier, W.L. (1998) Affinity Functions for Modeling Glass Dissolution Rates.10.1180/minmag.2010.074.3.415Search in Google Scholar

Bourcier, W.L. (1998) Affinity Functions for Modeling Glass Dissolution Rates. UCRL-JC-131186, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.Search in Google Scholar

Buerger, M.J., Klein, G.E., and Donnay, G. (1954) Determination of the crystal structure of nepheline. American Mineralogist, 39, 805–818.Search in Google Scholar

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Wise, W.S., and Zussman, J. (2004) Framework Silicates: Silica Minerals, Feldspathoids and the Zeolites. The Geological Society, London.Search in Google Scholar

Dollase, W.A., and Thomas, W.M. (1978) The crystal chemistry of silica-rich, alkali-deficient nepheline. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66, 311–318.10.1007/BF00373415Search in Google Scholar

Donnay, G., Schairer, J.F., and Donnay, J.D.H. (1959) Nepheline solid solutions. Mineralogical Magazine, 32, 93–109.10.1180/minmag.1959.32.245.02Search in Google Scholar

Donovan, J.J. (2014) Probe for EPMA v. 10.4.5, User’s Guide and Reference, Xtreme Edition.Search in Google Scholar

Duffy, J.A., and Ingram, M.D. (1976) An interpretation of glass chemistry in terms of the optical basicity concept. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 21, 373–410.10.1016/0022-3093(76)90027-2Search in Google Scholar

Fox, K.M., Edwards, T.B., and Peeler, D.K. (2008) Control of nepheline crystallization in nuclear waste glass. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 5, 666–673.10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02250.xSearch in Google Scholar

Friese, K., Grzechnik, A., Petříček, V, Schönleber, A., van Smaalen, S., and Morgenroth, W. (2011) Modulated structure of nepheline. Acta Crystallographica, B67, 18–29.10.1107/S0108768110050822Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Goldschmidt, V.M. (1937) The principles of distribution of chemical elements in minerals and rocks. The seventh Hugo Muller Lecture, delivered before the Chemical Society on March 17th, 1937. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 655–673.Search in Google Scholar

Hamilton, J.P., Pantano, C.G., and Brantley, S.L. (2000) Dissolution of albite glass and crystal. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 2603–2615.10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00388-4Search in Google Scholar

Horny, P., Lifshin, E., Campbell, H., and Gauvin, R. (2010) Development of a New Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis Method for Electron Microscopy. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 16, 821–830.10.1017/S1431927610094018Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Hrma, P. (2010) Crystallization during processing of nuclear waste glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 356, 3019–3025.10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.03.039Search in Google Scholar

Hrma, P., Schweiger, M.J., Humrickhouse, C.J., Moody, J.A., Tate, R.M., Rainsdon, T.T., TeGrotenhuis, N.E., Arrigoni, B.M., Marcial, J., Rodriguez, C.P., and Tincher, B.H. (2010) Effect of glass-batch makeup on the melting process. Ceramics-Silikaty, 54, 193–211.Search in Google Scholar

Hrma, P., Riley, B.J., Crum, J.V., and Matyas, J. (2014) The effect of high-level waste glass composition on spinel liquidus temperature. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 384, 32–40.10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.02.014Search in Google Scholar

Jantzen, C.M., and Brown, K.G. (2007a) Predicting the spinel-nepheline liquidus for application to nuclear waste glass processing. Part I: Primary phase analysis, liquidus measurment, and quasicrystalline approach. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90, 1866–1879.10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01027.xSearch in Google Scholar

Jantzen, C.M., and Brown, K.G. (2007b) Predicting the spinel-nepheline liquidus for application to nuclear waste glass processing. Part II: Quasicrystalline freezing point depression model. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90, 1880–1891.10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01028.xSearch in Google Scholar

Jantzen, C.M., Brown, K.G., and Pickett, J.B. (2010) Durable glass for thousands of years. International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 1, 38–62.10.1111/j.2041-1294.2010.00007.xSearch in Google Scholar

Kim, D.S., Schweiger, M.J., Rodriguez, C.P, Lepry, W.C., Lang, J.B., Crum, J.D., Vienna, J.D., Johnson, F.C., Marra, J.C., and Peeler, D.K. (2011) Formulation and Characterization of Waste Glasses with Varying Processing Temperature. PNNL-20774, EMSP-RPT-009, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.10.2172/1028572Search in Google Scholar

Kirkpatrick, R.J. (1975) Crystal Growth from melt: a review. American Mineralogist, 60, 798–814.Search in Google Scholar

Kobayashi, H., Toda, K., Kohno, H., Arai, T., and Wilson, R. (1995) The study of some peculiar phenomena in ultra-soft X-ray measurements using synthetic multilayer crystals. Advances in X-ray Analysis, 307–312.10.1007/978-1-4615-1797-9_35Search in Google Scholar

Krause, J., Harlov, D.E., Pushkarev, E.V., and Brügmann, G.E. (2013) Apatite and clinopyroxene as tracers for metasomatic processes in nepheline clinopyroxenites of Uralian-Alaskan-type complexes in the Ural Mountains, Russian Federation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 121, 503–52110.1016/j.gca.2013.06.013Search in Google Scholar

Lambotte, G., and Chartrand, P. (2013) Thermodynamic modeling of the (Al2O3+Na2O), (Al2O3+Na2O+SiO2), and (Al2O3+Na2O+AlF3+NaF) systems. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 57, 306–334.10.1016/j.jct.2012.09.002Search in Google Scholar

Li, H., Vienna, J.D., Hrma, P., Smith, D.E., and Schweiger, M.J. (1997) Nepheline precipitation in high-level waste glasses: compositional effects and impact on the waste form acceptability. In W.J. Gray and I.R. Triay, Eds., Proceedings of MRS, 465, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XX, p. 261–268. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.10.1557/PROC-465-261Search in Google Scholar

Li, H., Hrma, P., Vienna, J.D., Qian, M., Su, Y., and Smith, D.E. (2003) Effects of Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, and SiO2 on nepheline formation in borosilicate glasses: chemical and physical correlations. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 331, 202–21610.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.082Search in Google Scholar

Malinina, G.A., Stefanovsky, S.V., and Stefanovskaya, O.I. (2012) Phase composition and structure of boron-free and boron-containing sodium aluminum iron silicate glass materials for solid radioactive waste immobilization. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 38, 280–289.10.1134/S108765961203011XSearch in Google Scholar

Matsumoto, M., Tomeoka, K., Seto, Y., Miyake, A., and Sugita, M. (2014) Nepheline and sodalite in the matrix of the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite: Implications for formation through parent-body processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 126, 441–45410.1016/j.gca.2013.11.016Search in Google Scholar

Matyáš, J., Vienna, J.D., Kimura, A., Schaible, M., and Tate, R.M. (2010) Development of Crystal-Tolerant Waste Glasses. Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Nuclear Technology, p. 41–50. Wiley, New York.10.1002/9780470930991.ch5Search in Google Scholar

McCloy, J., and Vienna, J.D. (2010a) Glass Composition Constraint Recommendations for Use in Life-Cycle Mission Modeling. PNNL-19372, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.10.2172/978973Search in Google Scholar

McCloy, J., and Vienna, J.D. (2010b) Glass Composition Constraint Recommendations for use in Life-Cycle Mission Modeling. PNNL-19372, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.10.2172/978973Search in Google Scholar

McCloy, J.S., Schweiger, M.J., Rodriguez, C.P., and Vienna, J.D. (2011) Nepheline crystallization in nuclear waste glasses: Progress toward acceptance of high-alumina formulations. International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 2, 201–214.10.1111/j.2041-1294.2011.00055.xSearch in Google Scholar

McCloy, J., Washton, N., Gassman, P., Marcial, J., Weaver, J., and Kukkadapu, R. (2015) Nepheline crystallization in boron-rich alumino-silicate glasses as investigated by multi-nuclear NMR, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopies. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 409, 149–165.10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.11.013Search in Google Scholar

McGee, J.J., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) Electron probe microanalysis of geologic materials for boron. In L.M. Anovitz, and E.S. Grew, Eds., Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry, vol. 33, p. 771–788. Reviews in Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia.10.1515/9781501509223-017Search in Google Scholar

McGee, J.J., Slack, J.F., and Herrington, C.R. (1991) Boron analysis by electron microprobe using MoB4C layered synthetic crystals. American Mineralogist, 76, 681–684.Search in Google Scholar

McKeown, D.A. (2005) Raman spectroscopy and vibrational analyses of albite: From 25 °C through the melting temperature. American Mineralogist, 90, 1506–1517.10.2138/am.2005.1726Search in Google Scholar

Menkhaus, T.J., Hrma, P., and Li, H. (2000) Kinetics of nepheline crystallization from high-level waste glass. In G.T. Chandler and X. Feng, Eds., Ceramic Transactions, 107, Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries V, p. 461–468. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio.Search in Google Scholar

Newbury, D.E. (2005) Misidentification of major constituents by automatic qualitative energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis: A problem that threatens the credibility of the analytical community. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 11, 545–561.10.1017/S1431927605050531Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Newbury, D.E., and Ritchie, N.W.M. (2013) Is scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) quantitative? Scanning, 35, 141–168.10.1002/sca.21041Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Newbury, D.E., Swyt, C.R., and Myklebust, R.L. (1995) “Standardless” Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry Is It Worth the Risk? Analytical Chemistry, 67, 1866–1871.Search in Google Scholar

Onuma, K., Iwai, T., and Kenzo, Y. (1972) Nepheline—“iron nepheline” solid solutions. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, 15, 179–190.Search in Google Scholar

Ota, T., Yamai, I., and Hayashi, T. (1995) Nepheline gradient solid solutions. Journal of Materials Science, 30, 2701–2705.10.1007/BF00362155Search in Google Scholar

Pierce, E.M., Reed, L.R., Shaw, W.J., McGrail, B.P., Icenhower, J.P., Windisch, C.F., Cordova, E.A., and Broady, J. (2010) Experimental determination of the effect of the ratio of B/Al on glass dissolution along the nepheline (NaAlSiO4)-malinkoite (NaBSiO4) join. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 2634–2654.10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.006Search in Google Scholar

Raudsepp, M. (1995) Recent advances in the electron-probe micro-analysis of minerals for the light elements. Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 203–218.Search in Google Scholar

Riley, B.J., Hrma, P., Rosario, J., and Vienna, J.D. (2001a) Effect of Crystallization on High-Level Waste Glass Corrosion. In G.L. Smith, S.K. Sundaram, and D.R. Spearing, Eds., Ceramic Transactions, Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries VII, 132, p. 257–265. The American Ceramic Society.10.1002/9781118371435.ch25Search in Google Scholar

Riley, B.J., Rosaria, J.A., and Hrma, P. (2001b) Impact of HLW Glass Crystallinity on PCT Response. PNNL-13491, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.10.2172/15001115Search in Google Scholar

Rodriguez, C.P., McCloy, J., Schweiger, M.J., Crum, J.V., and Winschell, A. (2011) Optical basicity and nepheline crystallization in high alumina glasses. PNNL-20184, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.10.2172/1019213Search in Google Scholar

Rossi, G., Oberti, R., and Smith, D.C. (1989) The crystal structure of a K-poor Ca-rich silicate with the nepheline framework, and crystal-chemical relationships in the compositional space (K,Na,Ca)8(Al, Si)16O32. European Journal of Mineralogy, 1, 59–70.10.1127/ejm/01/1/0059Search in Google Scholar

Smith, G., Kim, D.-S., Schweiger, M., Lang, J., Crum, J., Crawford, C., Vienna, J., and Marra, J. (2014) Silicate Based Glass Formulations for Immobilization of U.S. Defense Wastes Using Cold Crucible Induction Melters. PNNL-23288, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.10.2172/1136616Search in Google Scholar

Stebbins, J.F., Murdoch, J.B., Carmichael, I.S.E., and Pines, A. (1986) Defects and short-range order in nepheline group minerals: a silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 13, 371–381.Search in Google Scholar

Steele, I.M., and Pluth, J.J. (1990) Crystal structure of synthetic yoshiokaite, a stuffed derivative of the tridymite structure. American Mineralogist, 75, 1186–1191.Search in Google Scholar

Stefanovsky, S.V., and Marra, J.C. (2007) The effect of waste loading on the structure and leach resistance of borosilicate glass for Savannah River Site SB2 waste immobilization. WM’07 Waste Management Conference, Tucson, Arizona.Search in Google Scholar

Stefanovsky, S.V., and Marra, J.C.(2011) The Effect of Waste Loading and Glass Structural Factors on Structure and Chemical Durability of SB2 and SB4 SRS Waste Glasses—11397. WM2011 Conference, Phoenix, Arizona.Search in Google Scholar

Stefanovsky, S.V., Lebedev, V.V., Suntsov, D.Y., Nikonov, B.S., Omel’yanenko, B.I., Akatov, A.A., and Marra, J.C. (2010) Influence of the content of radioactive wastes with high concentrations of aluminum, sodium, and iron oxides on the phase composition and structure of glassy materials prepared in a “cold crucible”. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 36, 419–430.10.1134/S108765961004005XSearch in Google Scholar

Sugiyama, K., Shinkai, T., and Waseda, Y. (1998) Structural Study of Molten Albite (NaAlSi3O8) by the High Temperature Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD) Method. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 17, 155–16210.1515/HTMP.1998.17.3.155Search in Google Scholar

Tait, K.T., Sokolova, E., and Hawthorne, F.C. (2003) The Crystal Chemistry of Nepheline. Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 61–70.10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.61Search in Google Scholar

Taylor, M., and Brown, G.E. Jr. (1979) Structure of mineral glasses—I. The feldspar glasses NaAlSi3O8, KAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 43, 61–75.10.1016/0016-7037(79)90047-4Search in Google Scholar

Taylor, M., Brown, G.E. Jr., and Fenn, P.M. (1980) Structure of mineral glasses—III. NaAlSi3O8 supercooled liquid at 805°C and the effects of thermal history. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44, 109–117.10.1016/0016-7037(80)90181-7Search in Google Scholar

Upadhyay, D. (2012) Alteration of plagioclase to nepheline in the Khariar alkaline complex, SE India: Constraints on metasomatic replacement reaction mechanisms. Lithos, 155, 19–29.10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.010Search in Google Scholar

Vienna, J.D., Skorski, D.C., Kim, D.S., and Matyáš, J. (2013) Glass Property Models and Constraints for Estimating the Glass to be Produced at Hanford by Implementing Current Advanced Glass Formulation Efforts. U.S. Department of Energy Report EWG-RPT-003, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.10.2172/1170502Search in Google Scholar

Vulić, P., Balić-Žunić, T., Belmonte, L., and Kahlenberg, V. (2011) Crystal chemistry of nephelines from ijolites and nepheline-rich pegmatites: influence of composition and genesis on the crystal structure investigated by X-ray diffraction. Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 185–194.10.1007/s00710-010-0143-5Search in Google Scholar

  1. Manuscript handled by Daniel Neuville.

Received: 2015-4-2
Accepted: 2015-8-12
Published Online: 2016-2-18
Published in Print: 2016-2-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. The deep continental crust has a larger Mg isotopic variation than previously thought
  3. Article
  4. Magnesium isotopic composition of the deep continental crust
  5. Review
  6. Cancrinite-group minerals: Crystal-chemical description and properties under non-ambient conditions—A review
  7. Amorphous Materials: Properties, Structure, and Durability
  8. Nepheline structural and chemical dependence on melt composition
  9. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  10. Some thermodynamic properties of larnite (β-Ca2SiO4) constrained by high T/P experiment and/or theoretical simulation
  11. Minerals in the Human Body
  12. Growth dynamics of vaterite in relation to the physico-chemical properties of its precursor, amorphous calcium carbonate, in the Ca-CO3-PO4 system
  13. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  14. Mafic replenishments into floored silicic magma chambers
  15. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  16. Hafnium, oxygen, neodymium, strontium, and lead isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution of the supereruptive southern Black Mountains volcanic center, Arizona, U.S.A.: A combined LASS zircon–whole-rock study
  17. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  18. Deciphering magmatic processes in calc-alkaline plutons using trace element zoning in hornblende
  19. Special Collection: Geology and Geobiology of Lassen Volcanic National Park
  20. The Lassen hydrothermal system
  21. Article
  22. Maruyamaite, K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, a potassium-dominant tourmaline from the ultrahigh-pressure Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan: Description and crystal structure
  23. Article
  24. The valence quadrupole moment
  25. Article
  26. Crystal chemistry and light elements analysis of Ti-rich garnets
  27. Article
  28. XRD-TEM-AEM comparative study of n-alkylammonium smectites and interstratified minerals in shallow-diagenetic carbonate sediments of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
  29. Article
  30. Mechanical properties of natural radiation-damaged titanite and temperature-induced structural reorganization: A nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopic study
  31. Article
  32. Jianshuiite in oceanic manganese nodules at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary
  33. Article
  34. The effect of phosphorus on manganocolumbite and mangaotantalite solubility in peralkaline to peraluminous granitic melts
  35. Article
  36. Interpretation of the infrared spectra of the lizardite-nepouite series in the near- and mid-infrared range
  37. Article
  38. In situ spectroscopic study of water intercalation into talc: New features of 10 Å phase formation
  39. Article
  40. Phase relations on the K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400 °C: Implications for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains
  41. Article
  42. Genesis of chromium-rich kyanite in eclogite-facies Cr-spinel-bearing gabbroic cumulates, Pohorje Massif, Eastern Alps
  43. Article
  44. Ferri-kaersutite, NaCa2(Mg3TiFe3+)(Si6Al2)O22O2, a new oxo-amphibole from Harrow Peaks, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
  45. Article
  46. In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs
  47. Letter
  48. Incorporation of high amounts of Na in ringwoodite: Possible implications for transport of alkali into lower mantle
  49. New Mineral Names
  50. New Mineral Names*,†
  51. Review
  52. American Mineralogist thanks the year 2015 reviewers
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5370
Keywords for this article
Nepheline; glass; vacancy; nuclear waste; crystallization; electron microprobe; nepheline crystal chemistry and structure

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. The deep continental crust has a larger Mg isotopic variation than previously thought
  3. Article
  4. Magnesium isotopic composition of the deep continental crust
  5. Review
  6. Cancrinite-group minerals: Crystal-chemical description and properties under non-ambient conditions—A review
  7. Amorphous Materials: Properties, Structure, and Durability
  8. Nepheline structural and chemical dependence on melt composition
  9. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  10. Some thermodynamic properties of larnite (β-Ca2SiO4) constrained by high T/P experiment and/or theoretical simulation
  11. Minerals in the Human Body
  12. Growth dynamics of vaterite in relation to the physico-chemical properties of its precursor, amorphous calcium carbonate, in the Ca-CO3-PO4 system
  13. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  14. Mafic replenishments into floored silicic magma chambers
  15. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  16. Hafnium, oxygen, neodymium, strontium, and lead isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution of the supereruptive southern Black Mountains volcanic center, Arizona, U.S.A.: A combined LASS zircon–whole-rock study
  17. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  18. Deciphering magmatic processes in calc-alkaline plutons using trace element zoning in hornblende
  19. Special Collection: Geology and Geobiology of Lassen Volcanic National Park
  20. The Lassen hydrothermal system
  21. Article
  22. Maruyamaite, K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, a potassium-dominant tourmaline from the ultrahigh-pressure Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan: Description and crystal structure
  23. Article
  24. The valence quadrupole moment
  25. Article
  26. Crystal chemistry and light elements analysis of Ti-rich garnets
  27. Article
  28. XRD-TEM-AEM comparative study of n-alkylammonium smectites and interstratified minerals in shallow-diagenetic carbonate sediments of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
  29. Article
  30. Mechanical properties of natural radiation-damaged titanite and temperature-induced structural reorganization: A nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopic study
  31. Article
  32. Jianshuiite in oceanic manganese nodules at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary
  33. Article
  34. The effect of phosphorus on manganocolumbite and mangaotantalite solubility in peralkaline to peraluminous granitic melts
  35. Article
  36. Interpretation of the infrared spectra of the lizardite-nepouite series in the near- and mid-infrared range
  37. Article
  38. In situ spectroscopic study of water intercalation into talc: New features of 10 Å phase formation
  39. Article
  40. Phase relations on the K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400 °C: Implications for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains
  41. Article
  42. Genesis of chromium-rich kyanite in eclogite-facies Cr-spinel-bearing gabbroic cumulates, Pohorje Massif, Eastern Alps
  43. Article
  44. Ferri-kaersutite, NaCa2(Mg3TiFe3+)(Si6Al2)O22O2, a new oxo-amphibole from Harrow Peaks, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
  45. Article
  46. In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs
  47. Letter
  48. Incorporation of high amounts of Na in ringwoodite: Possible implications for transport of alkali into lower mantle
  49. New Mineral Names
  50. New Mineral Names*,†
  51. Review
  52. American Mineralogist thanks the year 2015 reviewers
Downloaded on 14.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2016-5370/html
Scroll to top button