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Phase relations on the K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400 °C: Implications for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains

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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 2

Abstract

To constrain the ternary K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3T-X diagram at 6 GPa and to expand upon the known K-Mg, K-Ca, and Ca-Mg binary systems we have carried out multi-anvil experiments along the K2CO3-Ca0.5Mg0.5CO3 join. The diagram has primary phase fields for K2CO3, K2Mg(CO3)2, K2Ca0.1–0.5 Mg0.9–0.5(CO3)2, K4CaMg(CO3)4, Ca-magnesite, and dolomite. The system has two liquidus minima near 1000 °C. At one minimum, a liquid with the composition of 36 K2CO3·64(Ca0.65Mg0.35)CO3 is in equilibrium with three phases: Ca-magnesite, K2Ca0.1–0.5Mg0.9–0.5(CO3)2, and K6Ca2(CO3)5. The other minimum, a liquid with the composition of 62 K2CO3·38Ca0.72Mg0.28CO3 is in equilibrium with K2CO3, K4CaMg(CO3)4, and K6Ca2(CO3)5. At 900 °C, the ternary diagram contains two- and three-phase regions with Ca-magnesite, aragonite, K2Ca3(CO3)4, K2Ca(CO3)2, K6Ca2(CO3)5, K2CO3, K2Ca0.1–0.5Mg0.9–0.5(CO3)2 solid solution, K2Mg0.9Ca0.1(CO3)2, and K4CaMg(CO3)4. We also expect an existence of primary phase fields for K6Ca2(CO3)5, K2Ca3(CO3)4 and aragonite.

We suggest that extraction of K from silicate to carbonate components should decrease the minimum melting temperature of dry carbonated mantle rocks up to 1000 °C at 6 GPa and yield ultrapotassic Ca-rich dolomite melt containing more than 10 mol% K2CO3. As temperature increases above 1200 °C the melt evolves toward an alkali-poor, dolomitic liquid if the bulk molar CaO/MgO ratio >1, or toward K-Mg-rich carbonatite if bulk CaO/MgO <1. The majority of compositions of carbonatite inclusions in diamonds from around the world fall within the magnesite primary field between the 1300 and 1400 °C isotherms. These melts could be formed by partial melting of magnesite-bearing peridotite or eclogite with bulk Ca/Mg <1 at temperatures ≤1400 °C. A few compositions revealed in the Ebelyakh and Udachnaya diamonds (Yakutia) fall within the dolomite primary field close to the 1200 °C isotherm. These melts could be formed by partial melting of dolomite-bearing rocks, such as carbonated pelite or eclogite with bulk Ca/Mg <1 at temperatures ≤1200 °C.

Keywords: Deep earth; high pressure; high temperature; melts; phase relations

1 Nomenclature: Mgs = magnesite; Ca-Mgs = Ca-bearing magnesite; Arg = aragonite; Dolss = (Ca,Mg)CO3; K2 = K2CO3; K2Mg = K2Mg(CO3)2; K2(Ca,Mg)ss = K2Ca0.1–0.5Mg0.5–0.9(CO3)2 solid solution; K4CaMg = K4CaMg(CO3)4; K6Ca2 = K6Ca2(CO3)5; K2Ca = K2Ca(CO3)2, K2Ca3 = K2Ca3(CO3)4; Per = periclase.

Acknowledgments

We thank anonymous referee for constructive comments; Don Baker and Keith Putirka for editorial handling. This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Fund (proposal no. 14-17-00609) and performed under the project of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (no. 14.B25.31.0032).

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  1. Manuscript handled by Don Baker

Received: 2015-2-20
Accepted: 2015-9-1
Published Online: 2016-2-18
Published in Print: 2016-2-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5332
Keywords for this article
Deep earth; high pressure; high temperature; melts; phase relations

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  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. The deep continental crust has a larger Mg isotopic variation than previously thought
  3. Article
  4. Magnesium isotopic composition of the deep continental crust
  5. Review
  6. Cancrinite-group minerals: Crystal-chemical description and properties under non-ambient conditions—A review
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  10. Some thermodynamic properties of larnite (β-Ca2SiO4) constrained by high T/P experiment and/or theoretical simulation
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  17. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  18. Deciphering magmatic processes in calc-alkaline plutons using trace element zoning in hornblende
  19. Special Collection: Geology and Geobiology of Lassen Volcanic National Park
  20. The Lassen hydrothermal system
  21. Article
  22. Maruyamaite, K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, a potassium-dominant tourmaline from the ultrahigh-pressure Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan: Description and crystal structure
  23. Article
  24. The valence quadrupole moment
  25. Article
  26. Crystal chemistry and light elements analysis of Ti-rich garnets
  27. Article
  28. XRD-TEM-AEM comparative study of n-alkylammonium smectites and interstratified minerals in shallow-diagenetic carbonate sediments of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
  29. Article
  30. Mechanical properties of natural radiation-damaged titanite and temperature-induced structural reorganization: A nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopic study
  31. Article
  32. Jianshuiite in oceanic manganese nodules at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary
  33. Article
  34. The effect of phosphorus on manganocolumbite and mangaotantalite solubility in peralkaline to peraluminous granitic melts
  35. Article
  36. Interpretation of the infrared spectra of the lizardite-nepouite series in the near- and mid-infrared range
  37. Article
  38. In situ spectroscopic study of water intercalation into talc: New features of 10 Å phase formation
  39. Article
  40. Phase relations on the K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400 °C: Implications for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains
  41. Article
  42. Genesis of chromium-rich kyanite in eclogite-facies Cr-spinel-bearing gabbroic cumulates, Pohorje Massif, Eastern Alps
  43. Article
  44. Ferri-kaersutite, NaCa2(Mg3TiFe3+)(Si6Al2)O22O2, a new oxo-amphibole from Harrow Peaks, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
  45. Article
  46. In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs
  47. Letter
  48. Incorporation of high amounts of Na in ringwoodite: Possible implications for transport of alkali into lower mantle
  49. New Mineral Names
  50. New Mineral Names*,†
  51. Review
  52. American Mineralogist thanks the year 2015 reviewers
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